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A&P Ch 23
Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is a blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart. | Vein |
| Which part of the wall of an artery is responsible for vasoconstriction? | The middle layer of smooth muscle |
| This layer of the artery is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers. | Outer layer |
| What do elastic arteries do? | They have many elastic fibers that stretch as blood is pushed into them and recoil to push blood forward while the ventricles relax |
| Capillaries are also known as | Exchange vessels |
| Which of the following is the most important capillary exchange method? | Filtration |
| The largest factor that promotes reabsorption of fluids from the interstitial fluids ad into capillaries is | Blood colloid osmotic pressure |
| What increases systemic vascular resistance? | Increased blood viscosity, Increased blood cell count, Decreased vessel lumen diameter |
| What vessels drains blood from the lower leg? | Tibial vein |
| This layer contains a lining of simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of elastic tissue. | Inner layer |
| This layer is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system: | Middle layer |
| What blood vessel that distributes blood to organs? | Arteries |
| Where is most of the blood in circulation found at any given time, resulting in the term blood reservoir for these vessels? | Veins |
| Which component of the nervous system innervates vascular smooth muscle and regulates vasoconstriction and vasodilation | The central nervous system |
| When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing? | A vascular spasm |
| This vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries: | Arterioles |
| What controls the flow of blood through a capillary bed? | Precapillary sphincter |
| The pressure driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called | Filtration |
| Which of the following factors is most important in forcing blood flow through veins? | Muscular activity |
| Where is the cardiovascular center located? | In the medulla oblongata |
| What would be the response of the body because of decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors? | Increased blood pressure |
| Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies respond to which chemicals in the bloodstream? | Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, and Hydrogen |
| What hormones would NOT cause an increase in blood pressure? | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide |
| What hormones would cause an increase in blood pressure? | Antidiuretic Hormone, Aldosterone, Angiotensin |
| The myogenic response makes smooth muscle | Contract more forcefully when stretched |
| Where is pulse the strongest? | Arteries closest to the heart |
| Where does a pulse disappear? | Capillaries |
| The pulmonary trunk divides into | Right and left pulmonary arteries |
| What vessels supplies blood to the intestines? | Mesenteric artery |
| Which vessels supply blood to the kidney? | Renal artery |
| All the veins of the systemic circulation drain into the | Superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus |
| What vessels drains blood from the lower body to the right atrium? | Inferior vena cava |
| What vessels drains blood from the head and neck? | Jugular vein |
| This layer of the artery consists mainly of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers that extend circularly around the lumen. | Middle l;ayer |
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