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BI Vocabulary Terms
Mrs. Brewer's Vocabulary Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "Common Sense" | The name of the pamphlet written by Thomas Paine arguing why the colonists should declare independence |
| "The Common Man" | a nickname given to Andrew Jackson |
| Abolitionism | the movement to end slavery |
| Abolitionist | person who wanted to end slavery |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | 1794, an Amerian army defeated 2,000 Native Americans in a clash over control of the Northwest Territory |
| Battle of Yorktown | the last major battle of the Revolutionary War, which resulted in the surrender of British forces in 1781 |
| Amendments | revisions or addition to a bill, law, or constitution |
| American Revolution | The war between the Colonists and Great Britain for Independence |
| Bacon's Rebellion | a revolt against powerful colonial authority in Jamestown by Nathaniel Bacon and a group of landless frontier settlers that resulted in the burning of Jamestown |
| Anti-Federalist | Those who opposed ratification of the US Constitution |
| Articles of Confederation | a document, adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new United States |
| Assimilation | the process of blending into society |
| Albany Plan of Union | the first formal proposal to unite the American colonies |
| Battle of the Alamo | in 1836, Texans defended a church called the Alamo against Mexican army; all but five Texans were killed. |
| Battle of the Thames | an American victory over the British in the War of 1812, which ended the British threat to the Northwest Territory. Tecumseh was killed at the Battle of the Thames. |
| Battle of Saratoga | series of conflicts between British soldiers and the Continental Army in 1777 that proved to be a turning point in the Revolutionary War. It will cause the French to become allies with the colonists |
| Bear Flag Revolt | the 1846 rebellion by Americans against Mexican rule in California |
| Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, added in 1791, and consisting of a formal list of citizen's rights and freedoms |
| Boston Massacre | clash between British soldiers and Boston colonists in 1770, in which five of the colonists, including Crispus Attucks, were killed |
| Boston Tea Party | the dumping of 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor by colonists in 1773 to protest the Tea Act |
| California Gold Rush | 1849, large numbers of people moved to California because gold had been discovered there. |
| charter | a written contract issued by a government giving the holder the right to establish a colony |
| checks and balances | the ability of each branch of government to exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches |
| Columbian Exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western and the Eastern hemispheres |
| committee of correspondence | a group of people in the colonies who exchanged letters on colonial affairs |
| Compromise of 1850 | a series of Congressional laws intended to settle the major disagreements between free states and slave states |
| conquistador | a Spaniard who traveled to the Americas as an explorer and a conqueror in the 16th century |
| Constitutional Convention | a meeting held in 1787 to consider changes to the Articles of Confederation; resulted in the drafting of the US Consitution |
| Declaration of Independence | the document, written in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson, in which the colonies declared indedence from Britain |
| doctrine of nullification | a right of a state to reject a federal law that it considers unconstitutional |
| Dred Scott v Sandford | an 1856 Supreme Court case in which a slave, Dred Scott, sued for his freedom because he had been taken to live in territories where slavery was illegal; the Court ruled against Scott |
| due process of law | fair treatment under the law |
| Emancipation Proclamation | an Executive Order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions in rebellion against the Union. |
| English Bill of Rights | an agreement signed by William and Mary to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament, including the right to free elections |
| enlightenment | an 18th century movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method to obtain knowledge |
| factory system | a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building |
| federalism | a system of government where power is shared among the central (or federal) government and the states. |
| Federalists | supporters of the Constitution |
| Federalist Papers | a series of essays defending and explaining the Constitution |
| Federal Judiciary Act | it helped create a court system and gave the Supreme Court six members |
| Fort Sumter | a federal fort located in the habor of Charleston, South Carolina; the Southern attack on Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the Civil War |
| forty-niner | a person who went to California to find gold, starting in 1849 |
| First Continental Congress | a meeting of delegates in 1774 from all the colonies except Georgia to uphold colonial rule |
| French and Indian War | a conflict in North America from 1754 to 1763 that was part of a worldwide struggle between France and Britain; Britain defeated France and gained French Canada |
| Fugitive Slave Act | an 1850 law to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | a set of laws that were established in 1639 by a Puritan congregation who had settled in the Connecticut Valley and that expanded the idea of representative government |
| Great Awakening | a revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s |
| Great Compromise | the Constitutional Convention's agreement to establish a two-house national legislature, with all states having equal representation in one house and each state having representation based on its population in the other house |
| Great Migration | movement of Puritans from England to establish settlements around the world, including 20,000 who sailed to America |
| Harpers Ferry | a federal arsenal in Virginia that was captured in 1859 during a slave revolt |
| Homestead Act | passed in 1862, this law offered 160 acres of land free to anyone who agreed to live on and improve the land for five years |
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