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Unit 10 Body Pt 1
Nervous, Reproductive, Endocrine, Circulatory, & Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System | Made of the brain and spinal cord that is protected by the skull and controls all body functions by sending and receiving messages up and down the spinal cord through the nerves. |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Made of nerves and carries messages to and from the parts of the body to the central nervous system and carries out orders from the brain. |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Makes sure processes in your body work automatically. |
| Somatic Nervous System | Sends information through peripheral nerves to your central nervous system from all of your senses and then sends messages back to the body to respond, |
| Brain | Soft spongy mass of nerve cells and supportive tissue that is part of the central nervous system. |
| Nerves | A bundle of neurons. |
| Neurons | (Nerve Cells) specialized cells that carry messages through an electrochemical process. |
| Spinal Cord | Important structure between the brain and the body that contains motor and sensory nerve fibers that continuously send information to and from all parts of the body. |
| Senses | Sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. |
| Reflex | An involuntary response to something, which happens quickly that protects the body from harm. |
| Endocrine System | A collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones to maintain the correct chemical level in the body through feedback. |
| Glands | A groups of cells that monitor (test) the bloodstream for chemical imbalance that produces and releases hormones into the bloodstream to tell target cells to balance chemicals. |
| Hormones | Chemical messengers that communicate information from one set of cells to another and each type is designed to affect only certain cells. |
| Negative Feedback | When glands receive and detect that change has happened and the hormones are no longer released. |
| Homeostasis | The process of maintaining a stable internal conditions. |
| Hypothalamus | Part of the brain that coordinates between the nervous system and the endocrine system. |
| Pituitary | Pea sized gland found at the base of the brain that controls the functions of most other endocrine glands and controlled in large part by the hypothalamus. |
| Pineal Gland | Located near the center of the brain and looks like a pine cone and produces the hormone melatonin. |
| Thyroid | Found in the lower part of the neck wrapped around the trachea that is shaped like a butterfly and helps regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions (metabolism) in the body. |
| Pancreas | Located in the upper abdomen that secretes the hormones insulin (lowers) and glucagon (raises) to control blood sugar levels throughout the day. |
| Adrenal Gland | Located on top of each kidney that controls blood pressure, regulates reactions to stress, and also helps regulate your metabolism, sugar levels, and blood pressure. |
| Reproductive Glands | Influence sexual development. Ovary (female) produces the hormone estrogen. Testicle (males) produces the hormone testosterone. |
| Nervous System | Pathway in which your brain sends and receives information about what is happening in and around the body. |
| Heart | The primary organ of the circulatory system |
| Artery | Carries oxygen and nutrients away from the heart to the body |
| Vein | Carries carbon dioxide and waste towards the heart |
| Capillaries | Very tiny blood vessels connecting arteries and veins |
| Valve | Control the flow of blood through the heart by opening and closing during contractions |
| Lungs | Primary organ of the Respiratory System that takes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. |
| Larynx | Hollow muscular organ which holds the vocal chords (Voice box) which produces sound |
| Trachea | A hollow tube (wind pipe) that connects the larynx to the right and left of the bronchus |
| Alveoli | The air sacks at the end of the bronchioles where the gas exchange takes place (oxygen in and carbon dioxide out) |
| Diaphragm | A sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity (heart/lungs) that pulls and pushes against the lungs as we inhale and exhale |
| Respiration | a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances |
| Epiglottis | A flap of elastic cartilage attached to the larynx that closes when food passes by |
| Pharynx (Throat) | The passage that leads from the cavities of the nose and mouth to the larynx |
| Ovaries | Two oval organs about the size of an almond located above the uterus on either side. Functions are to create, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes during ovulation and produce sex hormones. |
| Fallopian Tubes | Two tubes attached to the uterus about as wide as a piece of spaghetti. Function is to give a path from the ovary towards the uterus for the egg to travel. |
| Uterus | Womb, is an organ with strong muscular walls where the baby is developed inside the female's abdomen that is connected to the vagina. |
| Vagina | The muscular canal that leads from the exterior of the female body to the cervix. This passage is used to receive sperm and also will be stretched to deliver the baby during the birth process. |
| Cervix | A thick and strong organ with a small opening between the vagina and uterus which sperm travel through to fertilize the egg. |
| Testis | Two oval shaped organs held inside the scrotum that produce sperm and sex hormones. |
| Penis | System of tubes including the epididymis and vas deferens that transport semen from the testes to the vas deferens, through the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts and out of the penis. |
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LMS 7 Sci
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