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Britain
Agriculture (1812-1832)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two things that stimulated agriculture | During the war with France, the prices of wheat rose, so farmers/landowners - (men in parliament as they made up 50%) saw this as a real money making opportunity. Plus increase in population so needed to meet consumer demands. |
| By 1800 were more labourers working in agriculture or industry? | Industry. |
| Between 1812-1832 did wages increase and working conditions improve? | No. Wages stayed low and working conditions continued to be poor. The amount agricultural workers were paid depended on profits the landowner made. There were massive fluctuations in wheat prices etc. So some years labourers paid more others less. |
| Invention: What did Jethro Tull invent in 1701? What was its purpose? | The Seed Drill. What this did was plan seeds at the same depth in a straight line. Pulled by horse. Planting seeds took less time. Less waste as seeds came out ground. Machine needed maintenance. Most people would not have the skill to maintain one. |
| Invention: What was starting to be used in the 1920s and what was its purpose? | Farmers in the 1820s were introducing Threshing machines into their farms. It could somehow separate seeds from the stalks which is a job that the labourers previously did in Winter. It was a major factor that sparked the Swing Riots 1832. |
| What was crop rotation? | It removed the Fallow land year. In the winter each year root plants like Turnips for example, were planted at winter. Not only were they food for the livestock but also restored the nutrients back into the land ready for the following year. Turnip Townsd |
| Define Enclosure | Dividing land into compact fields closed in by fences, hedges or walls. |
| What system did Enclosure replace? and why? | Replaced the Open field system because higher crop yields were being produced under this new system which was meeting consumer demands and bringing higher profits to landowners. The open field system was food grown in strips of land + much common land. |
| Was agriculture becoming an industry? | Yes. By 1812 tenant farmers hired labourers to produce goods. Tenant rent enclosed land (charged at a high rate). Mechanised machinery starting to come in and farmers had reasons to produce more. Many landowners became bankrupt. |
| Consequences: What were larger farms able to do? | Increase food production. |
| Consequences: What did the working class virtually lose, due to enclosure? | Common land. |
| Consequences: What were many agricultural labourers forced to do? | Forced to move to the cities into industry, more opportunities there, more pay and farm machines meant less people were needed to work in agriculture, meant more were available to work in industry. |
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supercars
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