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Anatomy
Term | Definition |
---|---|
muscles of the head and neck | occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus, levator labii superioris, depressor anguli oris. |
occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet' wrinkles in the skin at the ateral corners of the eye |
orbicularis oris | pucker the lips |
buccinator | flattens the cheeks. trumpeter's muscle |
zygomaticus, | smiling muscle |
levator labii superioris | sneering |
depressor anguli oris | frowning |
mastication | chewing |
______ pairs of masication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover, rotates and abducts the head |
erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back, responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. |
thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
internal intercostals | contracts during forced expiration |
diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing, dome shaped muscle, also aids breathing |
linea alba | the tendinous area of the abdominal wall, consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle |
upper limb | has 14 parts |
trapezius | rotates scapula |
serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
buttocks | gluteous maximus |
muscle cells | muscle fibers |
chest muscles | pectoral muscle |
anterior thigh muscle | quadriceps femoris |
posterior thigh muscle | hamstrings |
back muscles | latissimus dorsi |
adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
excitability | the ability for the muscle to recoil to its original length |
contractility | ability for the muscle to contract |
elasticity | the ability for the muscle to recoil to its original length |
extendibility | the ability or the muscle to extend |
epimysium | the connective tissue sheath that is directly upon the whole muscle |
serratus anterior | pulls scapula |
pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
brachialis | flexes forearm |
brachialis | flexes forearm |
retinaculum | also known as bracelet |
flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
extensor digitorum | extends he fingers |
quaddriceps femoris | extends the leg |
sartoris | flexes the thigh |
sartoris | also known as tailors muscle |
hamstring muscle | flexes the leg |
hamstring muscle | posterior to thigh |
gastrocnemius and soleus | forms calf muscle |
gastronemius and soleus | they join the calcaneal |
foot | 20 muscles |
intrinsic foot muscles | extends, abduct, and adduct the toes |
muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level. |
all or none response | at the point that the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
contraction phase | the time of contraction |
relaxation phase | the time during which the muscles rest |
tetany | the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
atp | produced in the mitochondria |
atp | is short lived and unstable |
creatine phosphate | at rest muscles cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high energy molecule |
oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen to pay back the oxygen debt |
isometric | the length of the muscle does not change |
isometric | the amount of tension increases during contraction |
isotonic | means equal tension |
isotonic | the amount of tension produced |
muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles |
fast twitch fibers | contracts quickly |
slow twitch fibers | contracts quickly |
origin | the most stationary end of muscle |
insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greats movement |
belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion |
synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
prime over | one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |