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Psychology 13

Chapter 13

TermDefinition
Medical model Perspective that views psychological disorders as similar to physical diseases; they result from biological disturbances and can be diagnosed, treated,m and cured like other physical illnesses.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) A book published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that lists the criteria for close to 400 mental health disorders.
Anxiety disorder A disorder marked by excessive apprehension that seriously interferes with a person's ability to function.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic, constant worry in almost all situations.
Panic disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear and anxiety in the absence of danger that is accompanied by strong physical symptoms.
Agoraphobia An excessive fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or where help might not be available if one were to experience panic.
Phobic disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation.
Specific phobia A persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
Social phobia An irrational, persistent fear of being negatively evaluated by others in a social situation.
Obssesion A recurrent thought or image that intrudes on a person's awareness.
Compulsion Repetitive behavior that a person feels a strong urge to perform.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) An anxiety disorder involving a pattern of unwanted intrusive thoughts and the urge to engage in repetitive actions.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) An anxiety disorder, characterized by distressing memories, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance, that develops after exposure to a traumatic event.
Dissociative disorder A disorder marked by a loss of awareness of some part of one's self or one's surroundings that seriously interferes with the person's ability function.
Dissociative fugue disorder A disorder marked by episodes of amnesia in which a person is unable to recall some or all of his or her past and is confused about his or her identity; a new identity may be formed in which the person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) A disorder in which two or more personalities coexist within the same individual; formerly called multiple personality disorder.
Somatoform disorder A disorder marked by physical complaints that have no apparent physical cause.
Hypochondriasis A somatoform disorder in which the person persistently worries over having a disease, without any evident physical basis.
Mood disorder A disorder marked by a significant change in one's emotional state that seriously interferes with one's ability to function.
Major depression A mood disorder involving dysphoria, feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in one's usual activities, and changes in bodily activities such as sleep and appetite that persists for at least 2 weeks
Dysphoria An extreme state of sadness.
Anhedonia Absence of pleasure from one's usual activities.
Dysthymic disorder A mood disorder that is a less severe but more chronic form of depression.
Bipolar disorder A mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania.
Mania A period of abnormally excessive energy and elation.
Cyclothymic disorder A mood disorder that is less severe but more chronic for of bipolar disorder.
Learned helplessness The belief that one cannot control the outcome of events.
Ruminative coping style The tendency to persistently focus on how one feels without attempting to do anything about one's feelings.
Cognitive distortion Thought that tends to be pessimistic and negative.
Schizophrenia A severe disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions, and behavior.
Delusion A thought or belief that a person believes to be true in reality is not.
Hallucination Perceiving something that does not exits in reality.
Disorganized speech A symptom of schizophrenia in which one';s speech lacks association between one's ideas and the events that one is experiences.
Disorganized behavior A symptoms of schizophrenia that includes inappropriate or unusual behavior in a situation such as silliness, catatonic excitement, or catatonic stupor.
Catatonic stupor A disorder in motor behavior involving immobility.
Catatonic excitement A disorder in motor behavior involving exciting agitation.
Blunting effect A lack of emotional expression.
Alogia Decreased quality and/or quantity of speech
Avolition The inability to follow of one's plans
Personality disorder A disorder marked by maladaptive behavior that has stable across a long period and across many situations.
Antisocial personality disorder disorder A personality disorder marked by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others with no remorse or guilt for one's actions.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability in mood, relationships, self-image, and behavior.
Created by: cpruett8
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