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PSY Key Points
Metacognition- thinking of thinking. (occurs around 4 to 5 years) | Vision is the least developed sense at birth. |
Piaget - the little scientist. (Thought) | Know what the grasping, sucking, and rooting reflex is. |
Naive idealism - teen thinking of a seemingly perfect plan. | Hearing is the most developed sense at birth. |
Invincibility fallacy - belief that one is indestructible. | Holophrases - words that express complete ideas. |
Over-regularization - grammar rules for forming plural and past tenses. | Telegraphic speech - 2-word sentences. |
Sensorimotor is from birth to 2 years old. | Preoperational is from 2 years old to 6/7 years old. |
Concrete operations is from 6/7 years old to 11/12 years old. | Formal operations is from 12 years old to adulthood. |
Major depressive episode is when you experience hopelessness and low self-esteem. I must last more than 2 weeks to be labeled as a one. | Manic episodes include delusions and lack of sleep. |
Schizophrenia: Positive symptoms include distortions of normal thinking. Positive symptoms can be treated with drugs. Negative symptoms include loss of emotion, drive, and void. | Qualifications of a schizophrenia diagnosis are as followed: hallucinations, delusions, algoria (altered speech), abnormal behavior, and negative symptoms. One must be suffering from at least 2 of these. |
Types of personality disorders: Cluster A - unusual behavior, paranoia, hallucinations / Cluster B: erratic, dramatic, and narcissistic / Cluster C: anxious, fearful, avoidant, and antisocial. | Holland's theory - personality in career = success. |
Kohlberg's level of reasoning - KNOW IT. | Cohort effect - people at an age are affected by factors (specific to generation) like difference in performance. |
Cross-sectional study - people of different ages and compared. | Harlow = contact comfort. (attached to cloth mothers) |
Seattle longitudinal = intellectual abilities decline around 60. (1956) | Urie Bronfenbremer = microsystems (closest) exosystems (community) marcosystems (universal) |
Longitudinal study - studied for a long period of time. | 60s-70s = primary aging |
can be changed by behaviors = secondary aging | Yerkes-Dodson Law - Too much or too little arousal can decrease performance. (Inverted "U") |
Social-Cognitive theory - Effort will improve performance. (Expectancy) | Instinct - Drive - Need - Incentive - Expectancy - Optimal - Arousal |