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Schools and Society
Techer certification-ed history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a person who uses specific skills to complete well-defined tasks | technician |
| Federal monies provided to states and school districts with few restrictions for use | block grants |
| Monies targeted for specific groups and designated purposes | categorical grants |
| Alternative schools that are independently operated by publicly funded | charter schools |
| An educational option in which parents educate their children at home | homeschooling |
| A group of elected lay citizens responsible for setting policies that determine how a school district operates | local school board |
| The individual who has the ultimate administrative responsibility for the school’s operation | principal |
| An administrative unit within a state, defined by geographical boundaries, and legally responsible for the public education of children within those boundaries | school district |
| A school management reform movement that attempts to place increased responsibility for governance at the individual school level | site-based decision making |
| The legal governing body that exercises general control and supervision of the schools in a state | state board of education |
| Office responsible for implementing a state’s education policy on a day-to-day basis | state office of education |
| A variation on school voucher programs in which parents are given tax credits for money they spend on private-school tuition | state tuition tax-credit plans |
| The school district’s head administrative officer, along with his or her staff, responsible for implementing that policy in the district’s schools | superintendent |
| A set of adaptive tools that support students with disabilities in learning activities and daily life tasks | assistive technology |
| An electronic message center for a given topic | bulletin board |
| A site on the internet where many people can simultaneously communicate in real time | chat room |
| A linked form of multimedia that allows learners to make connections to different points in the program based on their background knowledge and learning progress | hypermedia |
| Pictures displayed on computer screens that act as symbols for some action or item | icon |
| Programs, either in software or web-based form, that model a system or process | simulation |
| Computer programs that are used to organize and manipulate numerical data. | spreadsheet program |
| A software program that delivers an entire integrated instructional sequence similar to a teacher’s instruction on the topic | tutorial |
| A secondary school that focused on the practical needs of colonial America as a growing nation | academy |
| A process of socializing people so that they adopt dominant social norms and patterns of behavior | assimilation |
| A curriculum approach to developing student morality suggesting that moral values an positive character traits, such as honesty and citizenship, should be emphasized, taught, and rewarded. | character education |
| A historical attempt to make education available to all children in the United States | common school movement |
| Government attempts to create more equal educational opportunities for disadvantaged youth | compensatory high school |
| A secondary school that attempts to meet the needs of all students by housing them together and providing curricular options geared toward a variety of student ability levels and interests | comprehensive education programs |
| A free secondary school designed to meet the needs of boys not planning to attend college | English classical school |
| A federal compensatory education program designed to help 3- to 5-year-old disadvantaged children enter school ready to learn | Head Start |
| Schools that were originally designed in the early 1900s to provide a unique academic curriculum for early adolescent youth | Jr. High schools |
| A college-preparatory school originally designed to help boys prepare for the ministry, or later, for a career in law | Latin grammar schools |
| Public schools that provide innovative or specialized programs that attempt to attract students from all parts of a district | magnet schools |
| Schools, typically for grades 6-8, specifically designed to help students through the rapid social, emotional, and intellectual changes characteristic of early adolescence | middle schools |
| Two-year institutions developed in the early 1800s to prepare prospective elementary teachers | normal schools |
| Early colonial law designed to create scripture-literate citizens who would thwart Satan’s trickery | Old Deluder Satan Act |
| Education that is always seeking to improve and progress further for the good of those in it | progressive education |
| A federal compensatory education program that funds supplemental education services for low-income students in elementary and secondary schools. | Title I |
| A check or written document that parents can use to purchase education services | vouchers |
| A general term for federal programs designed to eradicate poverty during the 1960s. | War on Poverty |
| A policy segregating minorities in ed, transpor, housing, & other areas of public life if opportunities & facilities were considered equal to those of non-minorities. | separate but equal |
| In ed, the policy was evidenced by separate schools w/ diff curricula, teaching methods, teachers, & resources. | separate but equal |
| problem-solving in ill-defined situation, based on professional knowledge | decision-making |
| sets of moral standards for acceptable professional behavior | ethics |
| assessments that states & districts use to determine whether or not students will advance from 1 grade to another, graduate from high school, or have access to specific fields of study | high-stakes testing |
| rewards that come from within oneself & are personally satisfying for emotional or intellectual rewards | intrinsic rewards |
| a supplement to a teacher's base salary intended to reward superior performance or work in a high-needed area such as special ed. or teaching in urban schools | merit pay |
| a collection of representative work materials to document developing knowledge & skills | portfolio |
| an occupation characterized by a specialized body of knowledge with emphasis on autonomy, decision making, reflection, & ethical standards for conduct | professionalism |
| the process of requiring students to demonstrate understanding of the topics they study as measure by standardized tests, as well as holding educators at all levels responsible for students' performance | accountability |
| what teachers teach | curriculum |
| the process of teachers' thinking about and analyzing their work to assess its effectiveness | reflection |
| suggested changes in teaching & teacher preparation intended to increase the amount students learn | reforms |
| statements specifying what students should know & what skills they should have upon completing an area of study | standards |
| the capacity to control one's own professional life | autonomy |
| rewards that come from outside oneself, such as job security and vacations | extrinsic rewards |
| how student understanding is measured | assessment |
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