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Astronomy 3-5
Ch. 3-5 Astronomy Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long is a day on Mercury | 59 Earth days |
| How long is a year on Mercury | 88 Earth days |
| Which is longer on Mercury, a day or a year? | A year |
| Does Mercury orbit in a circle or oval around the sun? | Oval |
| What is the shape of Mercury's orbit called? | Elliptical |
| Is it hot or cold on Mercury? | Hot during the day, and cold at night |
| Why is it so cold at night? | One side faces away from the sun and doesn't have an atmosphere to keep in the heat |
| What kind of planet is Mercury? | Terrestrial |
| What does Mercury's surface look like? | It has craters |
| Why might it look like this? | By getting hit by asteroids |
| What would the sky look like if you were on Mercury? | Dark, because it has no atmosphere |
| When is the best time to see Mercury? | In the morning or evening, because it rises and sets with the sun |
| Large rocks orbiting the sun in our solar system (also called space rocks) | Asteroids |
| Means Earth-like; a planet that has a solid surface | Terrestrial |
| Planets that do not have a solid ground to stand on, are made of gas | Gaseous |
| Spaceships that do not transport people, are controlled by computers | Unmanned spaceships |
| The first spaceship to fly by Mercury in 1974 | Mariner 10 |
| When Mercury passes between the Earth and the sun and its silhouette can be seen against the sun | Transiting the sun |
| The second spaceship to fly by Mercury in 2004 | Messenger |
| A hole on the surface of a planet or moon caused by the impact of an asteroid | Crater |
| Why did astronomers think Venus was a twin of Earth? | It is next to the Earth, and the same size |
| What would it feel like on Venus? | Hot! |
| What is the atmosphere like on Venus? | Heavy with thick, poisonous clouds |
| What is special about the rotation of Venus? | It rotates opposite of most planets, and rotates very slowly |
| Have very many spacecraft visited Venus? | Yes, 22 |
| Since we can't see through the thick clouds over Venus, how do we know what the planet's surface looks like? | Radar |
| Why does Venus go through phases? | Because it orbits around the sun |
| What are the different shapes called that Venus appears to take as it orbits the sun? | Phases |
| Curved shape, like that of the moon when it is less than half illuminated | Crescent |
| Molten or melted rock that flows from a volcano | Lava |
| Name given to Venus when it is visible in the early morning just before the sun rises | Morning star |
| The toxic chemical in the heat-trapped clouds that cover Venus | Sulfuric acid |
| Name given to Venus when it is visible just after the sun sets in the sky | Evening star |
| A device that sends out signals that bounce off the surface of an object and return to the device, revealing information about that object | Radar |
| The substance that makes up everything around you, anything that occupies space | Matter |
| The measure of how much matter is in something | Mass |
| How long it takes a planet to rotate a complete turn | Rotational period (The Earth's rotational period is 24 hours) |
| The layers of mist and gases that surround a planet | Atmosphere |
| What does atmosphere mean? | Atmos-steam; sphere-ball |
| One of the gases in our atmosphere that is necessary for life | Oxygen |
| Part of an asteroid that has come through the Earth's atmosphere and reached the surface of the Earth | Meteorite |
| The imaginary line that divides the entire Earth in half between the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere | Equator |
| Half of the Earth | Hemisphere |
| The outermost layer of the Earth containing the oceans, dirt, rock and mountains | Crust |
| The layer of the Earth just below the Earth's crust and above the Earth's core; it is made of semisolid rock | Mantle |
| Melted rock found in the mantle of the Earth | Magma |
| The 7 things that make Earth the only planet that can support life | Perfect distance from the sun, perfect mass (size), pefect rotation, perfect atmosphere, perfect tilt, perfect land, perfect magnetosphere |
| How do those things help us live on Earth? | They protect us from too much heat, wind and dangerous particles and give us enough oxygen and gravity. |
| Why do we have different seasons? | The earth is permanently tilted in one direction. |
| What are the four major sections of the earth? (Be able to identify them also) | Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
Created by:
Snyderpartyof7
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