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Stack #298218
Ch.12:Reunification&Renaissance in Chinese Civilization:The Era of Tang&Song Dyn
Term | Definition |
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Hangzhou | capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million |
Wendi | member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty |
Yangdi | 2nd member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618 by his ministers |
Li Yuan | also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu |
Changan | capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time |
Ministry of Rites | administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars |
jinshi [chin shEE] | title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office |
pure land Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society |
Chan Buddhism | known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society |
Zen Buddhism | known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty |
Empress Wu | Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. om China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had a multistory statues of Buddha created |
Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology |
Xuanzong | leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713-755 though he encouraged overexpansion |
Yang Guifei | royal concubine during reign of Xuangzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt |
Zhai Kuangyin | founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent |
Liao dynasty | founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China |
Khitans | nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century |
Zhu Xi | most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action |
neo-Confucians | revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences |
Tangut | rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of NW China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226 |
Xi Xia | kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry |
Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society |
Jurchens | founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south |
Jin | kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty |
Southern Song | rump state of Song dynasty from 1127-1279; carved out much of larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history |
Grand Canal | built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long |
junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula |
flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency |
footbinding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household |
Li Bo | most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings |