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Ancient Greece &Rome
9th Grade World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| City-states | independent cities that never united under one government |
| Frescoes-created by who | showed scenes of the Minoan life and religion |
| Iliad | a poem about The Trojan Horse/ Trojan War |
| Homer | wrote the poem about the Trojan Horse called the Iliad |
| Herodotus | Greek historian wrote about the Persian war |
| Barbarians-who called them that and why | the Greeks called the Persians Barbarians because they didn’t speak Greek |
| Ionia-conquered by: | the 1st Greeks conquered by the Persians |
| Darius | the leader of Persia during the war between Persia and Greece, Persian King |
| Battle of Marathon-Pheidippides | he ran back to tell the people of Athens they had won the battle at this place |
| 300 | the number of Spartans that held off the Persians at the battle of Thermopylae |
| Salamis | the final battle that was on the water that allowed Athens to defeat Persia |
| Polytheistic | Greek religion is this (belief in many Gods) |
| Slavery-what did it help the Greeks develop | democracy |
| Philosophy | "love of wisdom" |
| Sophists | professional teachers who traveled Greek city-states and charged fees for their teaching |
| Socrates-was known for | continuous questions |
| Allegory of the Cave-who wrote it | Plato |
| Archimedes | Greek mathematician and scientist that discovered the screw and heat ray |
| Delian League | the league led by Athens |
| Peloponnesian League | the league led by Sparta |
| winner of the Peloponnesian war | Sparta |
| Ancient Greek Olympics-dedicated to who | Zeus |
| Original Olympic Games events | long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, running, wrestling, chariot racing |
| Macedonia-whose hometown was this | Alexander the Great |
| Alexander the Great was able to conquer the land from Macedonia east to where-how far did his empire go | India |
| Why is Alexander so important to Western history-what was he able to spread | he preserved the education of the Greeks, maintained the information in libraries, such as in Alexandria, he spread Hellenistic culture all the way to India |
| Romulus & Remus | Roman mythology states Rome was started by them |
| Plebeians | Roman commoner |
| Patricians | Roman aristocrat or nobleman |
| Slaves | lowest part of Roman society |
| Republic | a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders |
| Consuls | in Rome their high office was held by 2 officials- One-year term; During wartime, one was chosen to act as a dictator |
| 12 Tables | first written law of code (Roman) |
| Roman religion was polytheistic & based on what | Greek gods |
| Punic Wars | between Rome and Carthage |
| Hannibal | the general who attacked the Romans using elephants |
| Spartacus | the gladiator slave that led a revolt against the Roman Empire |
| Caesar, Crassus, & Pompey | the first triumvirate in Rome that was led by 3 powerful generals |
| Rubicon River | Caesar denied the request from the Senate and Pompey and entered the Italian Peninsula and crossed this |
| Octavian-Caesar Augustus | Octavian becomes the 1st Roman emperor and changes his name to Caesar Augustus |
| Bread and Circuses | to keep the poorest plebeians happy enough and reasonably well fed so that they would not riot; the Roman emperor did this |
| Jesus-Rome was afraid that Jesus would cause what | cause/lead a rebellion |
| Constantine | the emperor that was the 1st to convert to Christianity |
| Diocletian | this emperor divided empire into two parts, east and west |
| Huns | 3 groups invaded Western Rome (pushed the Germanic Tribes) |
| Visigoths & Vandals | 3 groups invaded Western Rome (part of Germanic tribes) |
| How did the Roman and Greek Empires influence modern society? | domes, republic, some religion, laws |
Created by:
RJEstes
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