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WGU Social Science 2
Preparation For The IOC4 Assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Refer to the different methods of representing the three-dimensional earth on a two-dimentional surface. | Map Projections |
| Visualizes the globe projected onto a cylinder. The meridians of longitude, which on the globe converge at the poles, are parallel to one another; the equator is tangent to the globe. | Cylindrical Projections |
| Created the first projection map in the 16th century. He projected the parallels of latitude as growing further apart as they left the equator. This preserved the shape of the globe, but distorted the size of masses. | Gerard Mercator |
| Were introduced in the 20th century. These projections superimpose a cone on the globe, projecting the surface features on a flat map with the parallels as arcs of circles with the pole - the original point of the cone - at the center. | Conic Projections |
| The most useful projection maps today. They employ projections that use horizontal parallels. This projection is usually split mid-ocean to maintain the continuity of the land masses. | Equal-Area Projections |
| Another name for sustainable resources | Renewable Resources |
| Resources that cannot be sustained. In other words, they can't be grown, made, or regenerated. | Nonrenewable Resources |
| Factors in Population Growth | Access to natural resources, Economic opportunity, Political conditions, Real Estate, and Climate |
| Factors that Directly Determine Population Growth | Birth Rate, Replacement Rate, Death Rate, and Migration |
| How is the term "birth rate" defined? | The estimated total live births for every 1,000 people in a population. |
| How is the term "replacement rate" defined? | The degree to which a population replaces itself, based on the ratio of the number of female babies to the number of women of childbearing age. |
| How is the term "death rate" defined? | The estimated total deaths for every 1,000 people in a population. |
| Demonstrate the contour of the subject area either with contour lines or shaded area to indicate elevation. They give no elevation data for artificial structures. | Relief Maps |
| Use contour lines or shading to demonstrate long-term weather conditions. Specifically, they indicate precipitation and temperature levels for a particular region, or show regions with similar climates. | Climate Maps |
| Use line and/or colors to demonstrate the boudaries of political entities, such as countries, states, and cities. Some of these maps use color and size of type to demonstrate political boundaries, populations, and affiliations. Most common type of map. | Political Maps |
| Use contour lines and colors to demonstrate elevation. Lines that are close together illustrate steep inclines, while lines that are far apart illustrate relatively flat terrain. | Topographical Maps |
| Use colors, lines, symbols, tints, and shading to demonstrate physical characteristics of the subject area. They often include roads and other artificial objects, but their main function is to show physical features. | Physical Maps |
| Where did the Nez Perce tribe live in the 1600s? | Idaho / Oregon Area |
| Sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers, often of noble birth, who subdued the Native Americans and created the Spanish Empire in the New World. | Conquistadores |
| treaty negotiated by the pope in 1494 to resolve competing land claims of Spain and Portugal in the New World. | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| An exploitative labor system designed by Spanish rulers to reward conquistadores in the New World by granting them local villages and control over native labor. | Encomienda |
| A new set of criteria designed to bring in newcomers with economic skills the United States needed and to reunite broken families. | The Great Migration |
| Imposed new import duties on sugar, coffee, wines, and other imports; instituted tougher customs collection methods; and expanded the jurisdiction of the vice-admiralty courts. | Sugar Act |
| A law passed by Parliament to raise revenue in America. John Adams remarked, “The pot was set to boil”. | Stamp Act |
| Extended the province’s boundaries all the way south to the Ohio River and west to the Mississippi. | Quebec Act |
| It allowed the East India Company to ship tea directly to America, thereby eliminating the colonial middlemen and permitting Americans to purchase tea at bargain rates. | Tea Act |
| The belief that the United States had a mission to expand, spreading its form of democracy and freedom. | Manifest Destiny |
| A system of land distribution through which settlers were granted a 50-acre plot of land from the colonial government for each servant or dependent they transported to the New World. | Headright |
| The migration of Cherokees to Oklahoma. | "Trail of Tears" |
| Who commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who was the president during the Civil War and ended slavery? | Abraham Lincoln |
| Which president challenged scientists to send a man to the moon? | John F. Kennedy |
| Which president initiated diplomatic opening to China? | Richard Nixon |
| Who was elected president in 1861? | Abraham Lincoln |
| Which president passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Which president established the Tennessee Valley Authority? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Which president helped establish the FDIC? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Which president hastened the end of the Cold War? | Ronald Reagan |
| Which president created The New Deal? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Where did the immigrants of the Industrial Revolution come from? | Europe |
| The peace treaty which officially ended WWI. | Treaty of Versailles |
| President Johnson's version of the democratic reform that included Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. | Great Society |
| Steps of a bill to become a law: | Bill introduced, Subcommittee Hearings, Committee Action, Floor Action to Conference Action to Floor Action, Presidential Decision, and Law |
| Each state's electors gather to formally cast their ballots for president and vice president. Electors typically cast their votes for their party's candidates. | Electoral College |
| Why did Socialism fail in the United States? | Socialist movements were suppressed in the U.S. They were also thwarted by governmental structures, strategic mistakes, ethnic tensions, and America's economic opportunity. |
| A political and economic system characterized by government ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and services in order to achieve economic goals of relative income equality. | Socialism |
| An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the right to trade in free markets. | Capitalism |
| The "responsible party" model calls for parties to: | Organize the public around broad, comprehensive principles, commit to these principles (via platforms) in elections, and execute the principles once elected. |
| A document drawn up by the platform committee at each national convention, outlining the policies, positions, and principles of the party. It is then submitted to the entire convention for approval. | Party Platform |
| A person who authorizes another to act in his or her behalf, as a voter in a district represented by an elected official. | Constituent |
| Newt Gingrich and other top Republicans developed a coherent, understandable platform that helped Republican candidates win a majority of both houses of Congress. | Contract with America |
| Legislation that allowed the president to veto a specific part of a spending bill rather than the entire bill, as had previously been the case. | Line-Item Veto |
| Government in which the party in control of Congress is the same as the president's party. | Unified Government |
| Government in which the party in control of Congress is not the party of the president. | Divided Government |
| Ways to participate in politics: | Vote, Talk politics, Join organizations, Call officials, Display bumper stickers, Make campaign contributions, Volunteer in campaigns, Protest, or Run for office Note: Less than 1% of citizens run for office. |
| Reasons for nonparticipation in politics: | Age, incarceration, poverty, distrust of the system, and satisfaction with the way things are |
| A form of organized protest in which demonstrators sit in seats or on the floor of an establishment. | Sit-in |
| A stoppage of work to force management to comply with workers' demands. | Strike |
| The stocks of social trust, norms, and networks that people can draw upon to solve problems. | Social Capital |
| The idea that government originates as an implied contract among individuals who agree to obey laws in exchange for protection of their rights. | Social Contract |
| A group of individuals with common goals who attempt to influence policymakers and legislation. | Interest Group |
| Removed barriers that southern blacks faced in voting and greatly increased black voting rates. | The Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
| An approach to government that tends to favor individual responsibility over government responsibility and a limited role for government in most decisions. | Conservatism |
| An approach to government that tends to favor active government involvement in many decisions and the use of government to bring about social change. | Liberalism |
| An issue that divides voters. Rival parties or candidates take positions on these issues in order to appeal to only part of the electorate. | Position Issue |
| A position issue of the greatest divisiveness. These issues are often framed as irreconcilable moral positions and usually provoke an immediate reaction rather than thoughtful consideration. | Hot-Button Issue |
| A person's likelihood of voting is positively correlated with these traits: | Education, Income, Partisanship, Age, and Perceptions of government |
| Determinants of voter turnout: | Voter Registration, Competitiveness, and Ads |
| During WWI, American citizens of Japanese descent were relocated to confinement centers in the California desert. The government argued that this action was reasonable because it prevented Japanese espionage. | Korematsu v. United States |
| A case involving a challenge to an Oklahoma statute allowing the sale of 3.2% beer to males over the age of 21 but to females over the age of 18. | Craig v. Boren |
| A liberal Victorian thinker who espoused empiricism and utilitarianism. He was a defender of individual liberty against the interference of both society and state and an early advocate of women's equality. | John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) |
| The condition of having no government and no laws. | Anarchy |
| Governance by a hereditary, unelected leader, often based on perceived divine right. | Monarchy |
| Government by a small, elite group. | Oligarchy |
| Austrian political economist who developed a unique philosophy of capitalism and democratic political institutions. | Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) |
| An informal alliance of military leaders and corporations that devise schemes for spending tax revenue for its own benefit. | Military-Industrial Complex |
| A model of government in which all citizens meet periodically to discuss and then vote on almost all matters related to government. | Direct Democracy |
| A republic; specifically, a government whose authority is obtained and held, directly or indirectly, through free elections in which all competent adult citizens are allowed to participate. | Representative Democracy |
| A government structure in which religious leaders establish the rules based on their interpretations of religious doctrine. | Theocracy |
| The right of protection against unlimited imprisonment unless formally charged by a court. | Habeas Corpus (Latin for "you should have the body") |
| Describing a legislative assembly comprising one chamber. | Unicameral |
| The doctrine through which the Supreme Court has held that the protections guaranteed by the Bill of Rights limit not only the federal government but also the states. | Incorporation |
| Bill of Rights Consists of: | Political process rights, Militia / Guns, Quartering, Search and Seizures, Criminal Rights, Court Procedures, Trial by Jury, Bail / Punishment, Other Rights, and Other Powers |
| The Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government. | Barron v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore (1833) |
| Characteristics of Ecosystems | Dynamic, Interaction among all living and non-living members, Self-sustaining, and Biomes are mutually supportive |
| The Nine Major Land Biomes | Polar and high mountain ice, Tundra, Taiga, Temperate Deciduous Forest, Tropical Forest, Desert, Grassland, Savanna, and Chaparral |
| Composed of abiotic factors, which are non-living chemical and physical components of the environment, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. | Climate |
| Measure of distance north or south of the equator that is expressed in degrees. | Latitude |
| Includes treeless plains, cold temperatures, and shrubby plants with shallow root systems. | Tundra |
| Largest Biome filled with cone-bearing trees. Occurs in the mountains of the Northern Hemisphere. No permafrost, but heavy snowfall. | Taiga |
| Named for the trees that grow there. Known for its white-tailed deer and black bears. | Temperate Deciduous Forest |
| Comprise the most species-rich of the land biomes. The forests occur along the equator. They comprise less than 2% of the earth’s surface, yet are home to nearly half of its species. | Tropical Forests |
| This case involved a Missouri slave who sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived for many years in an area where slavery had been outlawed by the Missouri Compromise. | Dred Scott v. Sanford |
| Organized a new and independent movement for women's rights along with Lucretia Mott in 1848. | Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| A black seamstress who, in 1955, violated a city ordinance by refusing to give up her seat to a white person on a local bus. This led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott headed by Martin Luther King, Jr. | Rosa Parks |
| The French channel steamer that was torpedoed by a German U-boat without warning in March of 1916. | Sussex |
| The British steamship hit by a German torpedo in 1918. Twelve hundred people were killed, including one hundred twenty-eight Americans. | Lusitania |
| A climate characterized by cold winters and warm summers, with moderate levels of precipitation. | Humid Continental |
| A climate with moderately cool winters, moderately warm summers, and moderate to high rainfall all year. | Marine West Coast |
| A climate with precipitation slightly less than potential evapotranspiration for most of the year. | Semiarid |
| Relatively warm most of the year but have at least occasional freezing during the winter. | Humid Subtropical |
Created by:
shaunte5181
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