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Stack #281073

Ch. 8:African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam

TermDefinition
Almoravids a puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled sole trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain
Mali empire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers; creation of Malinke peoples; broke away from control of Ghana in 13th century
Kongo kingdom, based on agriculture, formed on lower Congo River by late 15th century; capital at Mbanza Kongo; ruled by hereditary monarchy
Hausa peoples of northern Nigeria; formed states followin the demise of Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and pagan traditions
Nok culture featuring highly developed art style flourishing between 500 B.C. and 200 A.D.
Yoruba city-states developed in northern Nigeria c. 1200 A.D.; featured artistic style possibly related to earlier Nok culture; agricultural societies supported by peasantry and dominated by ruling family and aristocracy
Ifiqiya [if ree ki uh] the Arabic term for eastern north Africa
Sundiata the "Lion Prince"; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260; exploits were celebrated in a great oral tradition
demography the study of population
Muhammad the Great extended the boundaries often Songhay Empire; Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century
stateless societies African societies organized around kinship of other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states
Timbuktu port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; population of 50,000; contained a library and university; city of commercial exchange flourished
Songhay successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali (1464-1492)
Zenj Arabic term for the east African coast
sahel the extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; a point of exchange between the forests to the south and northern Africa
Great Zimbabwe Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located between Zambezi and Limpopo rivers; developed after 9th century; featured royal courts built of stone; created centralized state by 15th century; king took title of Mwene Mutapa
griots [grEE O, grEE ot] professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire
Sharia Islamic law; defined among other things the patrilineal nature of Islamic inheritance; opposite of several Sudanic societies
Benin powerful city-state (in present-day Nigeria) which came into contact with the Portuguese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence; important commercial and political entity until the 19th century
Ibn Batuta Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records
demographic transition shit to low birth rate, low infant death rate, stable population; first emerged in western Europe and United States in late 19th century
Sudanic states kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; based at Takrur on the Seneqgal River to the west and Gao on the Niger River to the east; included Mali and Songhay
Maghrub [mug ruhb] the Arabic word for western north
Almohadis a reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-Sahara Africa
juula [jUl'] malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali Empire; eventually spread throughout much of west Africa
Created by: NicaGurl12
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