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Stack #275389

Ch.7:Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to S. and S.E. Asia

TermDefinition
al-Mahdi third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession
Harun al-Rashid most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptuous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisors early in reign; death led to civil wars over succession
Buyids regional splinter dynasty of the mid-10th century; invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid Empire under title of sultan; retained Abbasids as figureheads
Seljuk Turks nomdaic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century
Crusades series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for commercial wars and extermination of heresy
Saladin Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam
Shah-Nama written by Fidawsi in late 10th and early 11th centuries; related history of Persia from creation to the Islamic conquests
ulama orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking
al-Ghazali brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology; recognized importance of tradition of rational inquiry
Sufis mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia and other regions
Mongols central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turo-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph
Chinnggis Khan born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227
Hulegu ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinnggis Khan; respoinsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad
Mamluks Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance
Muhammad ibn Qasim Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to be part pf Umayyad Empire
Mahmud of Ghazni third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasion of northern India; credited with sacking one of wealthiest of Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression
Muhammad of Ghur military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India; brought much of Indus valley, Sind, and northwestern India under his control
Qutb-ud-ibn-Aibak lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur; established kingdom in India with capital at Delphi; proclaimed himself Sultan of India
bhaktic cults [but TEEK] Hindu groups dedicated to god s and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshiped gods were Shiva and Vishnu
Mira Bai celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women
Kabir Muslim mystic during 15th century; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam
Shrivijaya trading empire centered on Malacca Stratis between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion
Malacca a powerful trading city
Ibn Kahldun a Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations - strong, weak, dissolute
Demak most powerful of the trading state on north coast of Java; converted ot Ialam and served as point of dissemination to other ports
Created by: NicaGurl12
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