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Test 2 part 2
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of equipment is used to test microaerophilics? | Candle jar |
| What bacteria can grow in temperatures between 45 to 80 degrees celcius? | Thermophiles |
| What bacteria can grow in temperatures between 20 to 40 degrees celcius? | Mesophiles |
| What bacteria can grow in temperatures between 0 to 15 degrees celcius? | Psychrophiles |
| What are the 3 types of ecological associations or relationships? | Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism |
| What microorganisms can withstand high pressures such as deep sea microbes? | Barophiles |
| What is the final electron acceptor in the kreb cycle? | Inorganic molecule |
| What are the 3 ways living organisms generate ATP? | Respiration, Fermentation, and Photosynthesis |
| What microorganisms requires high salt concentrations? | Halophils (yeast and mold) |
| What microorganisms can tolerate moderate acid and are the most common spoilage agents of acidic pickled foods? | Molds and yeast |
| What microorganisms grow best in a pH of 10? | Alkalinophiles |
| What 2 gases most influence microbial growth? | Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| What microorganisms can survive dry habitats? | Spores and cysts |
| The incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrate in the absence of oxygen is called what? | Fermentation |
| What microorganisms grow best in a pH of 0? | Acidophiles |
| What pH range do most microorganisms grow best between? | 6-8 |
| What are the multiplication cycles in animal viruses? | Absorption, penetration ,uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release |
| Viruses multiply only in cells of particular species and thus are divided into what three main classes? | Animal, bacterial, and plant viruses |
| What are the 3 stages of a bacterial virus? | Inject DNA, Release (lyses) and Prophage (lysogeny) stage |
| In terms of energy, algae is considered to be a _____________? | Photoautotroph |
| Cofactors are non protein parts of certain enzymes, 2 things which function as cofactors are proteins OR lipids OR minerals OR vitamins? | Minerals and vitamins |
| The most energy is produced by respiration OR vitamins OR fermentation? | Respiration |
| Vitamins and minerals function in living organisms as enzymes OR cofactors OR coenzymes? | Cofactors |
| Heat and abnormal pH can slow down OR destroy OR denature enzymes? | Denature |
| An enzyme can act on only one OR many different substrates? | only one |
| A substrate can be acted on by only one OR by many different enzymes? | Many different |
| Are enzymes used up OR not used up when the end product is created? | not used up |
| Are enzymes destroyed OR inhibited by the end products they create? | Inhibited |
| Where does energy production in a bacteria take place? | Plasma membrane |
| What is the final electron acceptor in fermentation? | Organic molecule |
| What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration? | Inorganic molecules |
| What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? | Oxygen |
| Yeast will undergo the process of fermentation in order to produce what? | Energy |
| The purpose of aerobic respiration is to make energy. What are the 2 byproducts? | Carbon Dioxide and water |
| Glycolysis is the process in which __________is broken down to _________? | Glucose, Pyruvic acid |
| About 10% of the water in your body is metabolic water. Where does the oxygen which makes up metabolic water come from? | Oxygen you take in from the air |
| What is the term used for a structural change in a host cell resulting from a viral infection? | CPE Cytopathic effects |
| How do chemoheterotrophs process organic molecules? | Respiration and fermentation which releases energy in the form of ATP |
| Plants are autotrophs OR heterotrophs? | Autotrophs |
| How do saprobes obtain their food? | They feed primarily on organic debris from dead organisms |
| What bacteria can survive high salt conditions but is not required? | Facultative halophiles |
| What is the term that is used when 2 drugs don't work together? | antagonism |
| What is the term that is used when 2 drugs work together? | synergism |
| What are the 4 phases of the bacteria growth curve? | Lag, log, stationary, and death phase |
| What is the most active phase of the bacteria growth curve? | Log |
| What is the phase of bacteria where some divide and some die? | Stationary phase |
| In the growth curve of bacteria what phase is most suceptable to drugs? | Log phase |
| The time is take to complete cell division is called what? | Generation time |
| Counting or getting an estimate on the number of bacteria is called what? | Enumeration of bacteria |
| The sum of all chemical reaction within a living organism is refered to as what? | Metabloism |
| Metabolic activity is divided into what 2 types of activities? | Catabolic and anabolic |
| What metabolic activity is responsible for building up? | Anabolic |
| What metabolic activity is responsible for tearing down? | Catabolic |
| How is energy-requiring and energy releasing reactions achieved? | ATP |
| Part of the energy that is released in catabolism is available for__________the other part is lost to the environment as_____. | Cellular functions/heat |
| What speeds up the rate of metabolic reactions? | Enzymes |
| The physiological temperature and pressure of organisms are too low for chemical reactions to occur quickly enough to maintain the life of the organism therefore the solution to the problem is what? | Enzymes |
| What serves as a biological catalysts? | Enzymes |
| A cell's metabolic pathway is determined by its_______which are in turn determined by the cells__________? | Enzymes/genetic makeup |
| What are 2 parts of an enzyme? | Apoenzyme and cofactor |
| A cofactor can be one of 2 things | Metal Ion (inorganic) or a Coenzyme (organic) |
| What are the 2 changes that may occur in the body that will denature an enzyme? | Body temperature or a high/low pH |
| What is the area where the substrate comes in contact with the enzyme? | Active site |
| When the substrate comes in contact with the enzyme it forms a temporary intermediate compound called what? | Enzyme-substrate complex |
| What part of the enzyme-substrate complex is changed by rearrangement of existing atoms? | Substrate |
| What part of the enzyme-substrate complex remains unchanged? | Enzyme |
| Enzymes can also become denatured by what outside factors? | Concentrated acids, bases, heavy metal ions, or alcohol and UV radiation |
| Extremely high concentration of what causes the the enzymes to stop catalyzing specific reaction? | Substrates |
| What are 3 types of inhibitors? | Competitive, Noncompetitive, and feedback inhibitors |
| What enzyme inhibitor competes with the normal substrate for active site of the enzymes | Competitive inhibitors |
| What enzyme inhibitors act on part of the enzyme other than the active site and alters the enzyme? | Noncompetitive inhibitors |
| What is a regulatory mechanism that prevents the cell from making excessive end-products and that act on enzymes already synthesized? | Feedback inhibiton |
| What 3 methods are used to get an estimate on the number of bacteria? | Real-time PCR, Flow cytometer, and Coulter counter |
Created by:
seshelby62
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