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Classical Myth 4-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| xenia | "sacred hospitality", Zeus is the god of hospitality |
| Chaos | "yawn" or "chasm", primordial gap from which the world emerged |
| Gaia | "earth", foundation for all that is, Mother Earth |
| Uranus | "sky", son of Gaia, sleeps with Gaia, hated offspring and kept them trapped in the womb, genitals chopped off by his son Cronos, separation |
| Eros | "sexual love" or "attraction, necessity of desire in creation, primordial element of desire |
| Titans (12) | Children of Gaia and Uranus, waged war on Zeus and other Gods, lost and were trapped |
| Cyclopes (3) | One-eyed monsters, children of Gaia and Uranus, smiths of the gods |
| Hecatoncheires (3) | "Hundred-handers", children of Gaia and Uranus |
| Okeanus | Titan, represents Ocean |
| Rheia | wife of Cronus, tricks him to save life of Zeus |
| Helius | Sun-god, Son of Hyperion (titan) |
| Eos/Aurora | "dawn", daughter of Hyperion (titan) |
| Phaethon | Son of Helius and Clymene, asks Helius if he can drive the chariot of the sun to prove Helius is his father, loses control, falls into River Po |
| Selene/Luna | "moon", daughter of Hyperion |
| Erinyes | "the Furies", born of the blood of Uranus' severed genitals, female spirits who haunt anyone who has sheds kindred blood |
| Giants | "Earthborn ones", born of the blood of Uranus' genitals, enormous strength and unbridled violence |
| Titanomachy | "Battle of the Titans", Titans attacked Olympus, defeated with help of the Hecatoncheires, Zeus banished Titans to Tartarus |
| Chronus | Son of Gaia and Uranus, severed Uranus' genitals freeing trapped siblings, becomes king of next generation of gods, marries Rhea, defeated by Zeus |
| Giantomachy | "Battle of the Giants", Giants attack Olympians, defeated with help of Hercules, last to be overcome |
| Enuma Elish | Babylonian poem, "When on high", creation account |
| Minonan, Indo-Europeans, Mycenaean | Culture which centers around bulls and sea, |
| Linear B | First decipherable written language,syllabary (based on syllables, not letters), used for record keeping |
| Typhaeos | Dragon monster fought by Zeus, banished to Mount Etna which still smokes |
| Anthropomorphic | Greeks portrayed gods as men and women who think and act like human beings. Like us, with similar powers, but in greater abundance. |
| Zeus/Jupiter | King of Gods, main attribute is irresistible power, upheld customary ways of Greek society, protected xenia, celebrated for numerous consorts and sexual exploits |
| Aphrodite/Venus | Embodies the overwhelming power of human sexual attraction, The severed genitals of Uranus were thrown into the sea and Aphrodite is born of the foam |
| Ares/Mars | Embodiment of war and battle, personifies blood lust, Best known for myths regarding adultery with Aphrodite |
| Prometheus | Made humans from primeval earth and water, shared knowledge with mortals (especially fire which he stole from the heavens) Tried to trick Zeus (as in successional myth) by wrapping white bones in fat, mythical etiology of detail of sacrifice |
| Poseidon/Neptune | Lord of the deep, dangerous and unpredicatable, god of earthquakes, brother of Zeus |
| Eponymous | "Giving ones name to something" Hellen gave his name to Hellenes, Dorus to the Dorians, Aeolus to the Aeolians, ect, |
| Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos | spinner, apportioner, cuts it off Fates, daughters of Zeus |
| Ananke | Personification of destiny and fate, depicted with a spindle, mother of the Moirai |
| Sibyl, Daphne, Cassandra | Apollo's unsuccessful love affairs: Given as many years of life as grains of sand she could grab, but not given youth. Transforms into laurel tree to evade Apollo. Given gift of always being correct in her prophecies, but no one believes her. |
| Hermes/Mercury | Protector of travelers, thieves, and merchants; functioned as "soul guide" or psychopompos Invented the lyre, opposite of Apollo, represented Kakoi (or uncivilized) |
| Pygmalion | King of Cyprus, disgusted by human wickedness so he carved the perfect woman from marble. When he prayed she would come to life Aphrodite granted prayer. |
| Psychopomos | "Soul Guide", function of Hermes to lead the dead into the House of Hades |
| Atrahasis | |
| Erebos | Primordial darkness, darkness or shadow |
| Hesiod, Homer | Authors who recorded much of the myths which we have today. Theogony, Homeric Hymns |
| Mnemosyne | "Memory", mother of the Muses with Zeus |
| Eileithyia | divine midwife, assisted Leto in birthing Apollo |
| Tethys | Titaness of ocean and sea |
| Apollo | prophecy, healing, order and civilization, and aristocracy; bow, arrow, and lyre Born on Delos, only island that would allow Leto to give birth there, promised a great temple would be built there Delphi- temple established by Apollo for his prophecies |
| Hestia/Vesta | hearth,Cronus and Rhea (first swallowed, last regurgitated), protectress of the home, defined internal space of the female world, Vesta (roman counterpart) was chief symbol of city of Rome |
| Hades/Pluto | the invisible, son of Cronus and Rhea, Did not live on Olympus, lived with unseen dead in Undwerworld |
| Epimetheus | after-thinker, son of Iapetos, Husband of Pandora, brother of Prometheus Warned not to accept any gift from the Gods, foolishly accepted Pandora as his wife |
| Deucalion, Pyrrha | Prometheus and Titaness,Only mortals who survived the Great Flood, repopulated the earth by throwing stones (Gaea's bones) in their footprints, Served as model for all following humanity, pious |
| Aegis | Goat skin, symbol of Zeus |
| Ganymede | Trojan prince, Zeus fell in love with him, kidnapped him and took him to Olympus to be the cup bearer of the Gods |
| Europa | Seduced by Zeus in the form of a bull |
| Charites/Gratiae | Graces, daughter of Zeus and Eurynome, Feminine qualities that make young women attractive to men, Often accompany Aphrodite |
| Delphi | temple established by Apollo for his prophecies which are communicated through Pythia (named from Pytho, dragon defeated by Apollo) |
| Pan | to feed, son of Hermes and nymph Dryope Concerned with pastures and fertility Only part human, lecherous |
| Actaeon | Victim of Artemis for his sexual transgression, came upon the goddess bathing in a spring, was punished by being turned into a stag who was hunted down by his own dogs |
| Asclepius | Greek god of medicine, son of Apollo, raised by centaur, conceived from mortal who was destroyed after betraying Apollo |
| Hera/Juno | Goddess of women and fertility, protected establishment of marriage, wife of Zeus, often infuriated by his infidelity |
| Artemis/Diana | Potnia Theron- mistress of the animals, daughter of Leto and Zeus, Mother goddess who protects youth, both human and animal, virgin goddess, goddess of the hunt,First born of the divine twins, acted as a mid-wife for her mother |
| Demeter/Ceres | de(?)- mother, Mother goddess who oversaw the fruitfulness of agriculture, especially wheat, Closely linked to daughter Persephone |
| Cupid | Companion of Aphrodite, arrows hold sexual abandon |
| Pandora | all-gifted, All Gods contributed, Opened jar which contained all the gifts of the Gods, releasing disease and suffering on mankind, kept Hope trapped in the jar, Formed in order to punish Prometheus and mankind after Prometheus stole fire, origin of woman |
| Autochthonous | Son of Deucalion and Pyrrha |
| Moirai/Fates | Daughters of Zeus and Themis, established the allotment that each mortal recieves in life |
| Hieros Gamos | Marriage between God and Goddess |
| Hephaistos/Vulcan | God of smiths, patron of those who worked with their hands, promoter of civilization and city life Thrown from Olympus by either Zeus or Hera, crippled Greeks viewed artisan class with comtempt, yet relied on them for tools of civilization |
| Hermaphroditis | Boy of remarkable beauty, when a nymph fell hopelessly in love with him she clung to him and refused to let go, fused together into being with male genitals and female breasts |
| Arachne | Boasted that she was a superior weaver to Athena, challenged by the goddess to a weaving contest, turned into a spider as punishment for her boastfulness |
| Hygeia | Daughter of Asclepius, goddess of health, sanitation, and cleanliness |
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