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Chapter 4-6 Perio
study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most common morphotype of periodontal disease? | Streptocci |
| Characteristics of Supra gingival calculus??? | is found on the clinical crowns of the teeth, above the margin of the gingiva. It is readily visible as a yellowish-white accum. and darkens with age. |
| Characteristics of Sub gingival calculus??? | form on root surfaces below the gingival margin and can extend into the periodontal pockets. It is likely to be tenacious and black in color. It is commonly deposited in rings on root surfaces, or as veneers. |
| Characteristics of pellicle??? | often called acquired or salivary pellicle, is an amorphous, tenacious membranous film that forms on the surfaces of teeth, rest., calculus, and other solid surfaces. toothbrushing does not remove, polishing will |
| Do anerobes need oxygen to survive? | Anerobes do not need oxygen to survive. |
| Do Facultative anerobic organisms need oxygen? | Fac. ana. org. can use oxygen when it is present but can use anaeroic fermentation when oxygen is absent. both enviroments. |
| Obligate anaerobes | cannot survive in anerobic enviromentmeaning they canot surve in an oxygen enviroment |
| Capnophiles require or prefer what for growth? | Capnophiles require carbon dioxide. |
| Aerobes | require oxygen for growth |
| Inhibitors for supragingival plaque: | Salivary components coat bacterial surfaces and inhibit binding. Self cleaning mechanisms of swallowing and saliva flow help was bacteria away from teeth |
| Inhibitors for subgingival plaque: | Crevicular fluid helps was micro0organisms out of the pocket |
| Most common form of gingivitis and its characteristics: | Most common form is plaque associated gingivitis. Causes redded gingival margin, w/pocket formation as a reault of gingival swellim and edems, hypertrphy, and deepened penetration of periodontal probes on clinical eval. |
| Characteristics of Gram + cell walls: | Gram + orgamisms retain the initial crystal violet stain, has a thick peptoglycan layer composed of repeating units of 2 amino sugars. |
| Characteristics of Gram - cell walls: | Gram - organisms are decolorized by the organic solven and hence show the safranin (red) counterstain. The outer membrane is composed of receptor proteins, involved in adherence, and complex lipopolysaccharides, |
| Clinical signs of Initial (stage 1) gingivitis: | none (subclinical infection) |
| Clinical signs of Early (stage 2) gingivitis: | Gingiva reddens, stippling disappears, exudate may appear, BOP usually occurs |
| Clinical signs of Extablushed (stage 3) gingivitis: | Gingiva is reddened, gingiva may appear blue-red, probing depths increase, pus forms, and tissue swells. |
| Clinical signs of Advanced (stage 4) | Similiar to stage 3 |
| Medicines that modigy gingival overgrowth: | most commonly the antiseizure med. phenytoin.cyclosporine, the major drug used for immunosuppresion in transplant pts. Nifedipine and verapamil, which are used to control blood pressure |
| Gingival disease of bacterial orgin: | strptococcal infection of the throat and oral tissues. STD's such as meningococcal gonorrhea or syphilis have oral manifestation. |
| Gingival disease of fungal orgin: | caused by an overgrowth of C. albicans and must be treated w/antifungal or antispetic therapies, or both |
| Characterstics of gingival crevicular fluid: | fluid that leaks into the gingival crevice. An altered serum transudate found in the gingival sulcus. irritation and inflammation of the gin. tissue increase the flow and alter the constituents of crevicular fluid. |
| Most predominant orgamism in chronic perio: | Gram negative anaerobic rods |
| Characteristics of lichen planus | Lichen planus is a chronic disease thought to be immune related. It affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle age patients. men and women are equally affected. |
| Common foreign body reactions: | localized painful lesion with sudden onset. removal brings immediate relief |
| Traumatic lesion on gingiva: | can be painful and be surprise finding made by the patient. Usually burns from hot food or chemical burn from asprin placed on the gum |
| Characteristics of recession: | increases with age, can be localized or not. usually from toothbrush abrasion, tooth malposition, gingival inflammation, or abnormal frenum attachment |
| Characteristics of pregnancy tumor: | localized are of pyogenic granulaion tissue. highly inflamed, bleed easily, and may cause teeth to be mobile. usually resolves when baby is born. |
| Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: | a chronic vesiculobullous disease taht is seen as blistering and sloughing of the surface of gingiva. more common in older individuals and much moree common in women than in men |
| Clinical significance of recession: | Recession is of clinical significance in dental hygiene care because root surface exposed through recession can decay and cemental surfaces can wear away. leaving the root surface sensitive, and it may be difficult for the patient to keep clean. |
| Most studied vitamin that deal with gingival disease: | Vitamic C deficiency causes scurvy, a sever condition resulting in defective collagen formation and maintenance. |
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