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CSET US History
CSET US History notes for CSET exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anasazis | SW USA Indian civilization; 1st cent AD - cultivated crops; 8th cent AD terraced fields, canal watering system; 500 AD bow and arrow |
| Natchez | lower Mississippi delta; survived into the 18th century |
| Iroquois | upstate New York and Ontario, Canada 4500 years before Europeans arrived; cultivated crops, fished, hunted; matrilineal line of descent; strong community bonds |
| Algonquins | NE USA; patrilineal; hunters and gatherers; lived in smaller bands; fur trade; |
| European exploration factors | gold, god, glory |
| Columbus' ships | Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria |
| New World | claimed by Spain except Brazil which was given to Portugal by order of the Pope |
| impact of European-American contact | diseases from Europe(smallpox), diseases from America (syphilis); plants (potatoes, corn, squash from Amer to Europe) animals; slaves from Africa to Amer. |
| Jamestown | founded 1607; by 1609 only 1/3 of original colonists were still alive due to lack of food, sickness, and weather conditions; Chesapeake bay area |
| John Smith | bought corn from Powhatan, father of Pocahontas; helped Jamestown colonists survive |
| Mayflower | set sail from Plymouth England with 35 pilgrims and 67 others; landed at Plymouth Rock on Dec 21, 1620 (Cape Cod area) |
| Rhode Island | founded by Roger Williams around 1644 |
| New Hampshire | established in 1629; became separate colony from Massachusetts in 1679 |
| Maine | established in 1629; remained part of Massachusetts until 1820 |
| Slave trade | increased markedly in late 1690s; by 1760 250,000 African slaves in the colonies, mostly in the south; |
| Salem Witch trials | 1680s-1690s; 19 people killed after being accused of exercising powers given to them by Satan |
| Great Awakening | began 1730s; renewed call for religious piety and closer relationships with God |
| Colonists outrage against England | 1)permanent British troops stationed in North American and the colonists were required to provide them with food and shelter; 2)taxes on sugar (1764) and the Stamp Act(1765) tax on all printed material |
| Boston Massacre | March 1770; Boston dockworkers threw rocks and snowballs at British soldiers; then the soldiers fired guns back at the crowd and killed 5 people; resentment and outrage started growing toward England |
| Boston Tea Party | Dec 16, 1773; colonists from Boston dressed up as Mohawk Indians and threw chests of tea into the harbor to protest taxation without representation |
| Declaration of Independence | govt's have the obligation to protect the life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness of their citizens |
| First Continental Congress | met 1774, all colonies except Georgia sent delegates; rejected uniting all colonies under British control; agreed to meet the next year |
| Lexington and Concord | first shots fired between minutemen (colonists) and redcoats (British) |
| Second Continental Congress | met 3 weeks after the battles at Lexington and Concord; voted to support the conflict w/Britain, but not unamimous for independence from Britain. |
| Thomas Paine | write Common Sense - pamphlet that argued that the colonies should become independent from Britain |
| Continental Army | created in June 1775; Gen. George Washington appointed to lead the army |
| First phase of Amer. Revolution | 1775 - spring of 1776; skirmishes between colonists and British; neither side prepared for major fighting |
| Second phase of Amer Revolution | 1776-1778; Gen. Wm. Howe(British) offered option of surrendering and receiving pardons; brought 32,000 soldiers to New York- hundreds of ships; |
| Battle of Saratoga | British defeated in Oct. 1777, turning point for colonists; French acknowledged the U.S. as a legitimate state, began to provide military assistance |
| Constitution | all power stemmed from the people |
| 18th amendment 1919 (banned alcohol) | repealed by 21st amendment in 1933; only amendment repealed by another amendment |
| 1789 | first elections and the constitution (including the Bill of Rights) went into effect with Geo. Washington as the first president |
| Federalists | those who favored a strong centralized govt; Alexander Hamilton |
| Republicans (at beginning of USA) | those who wanted the USA to remain rural and agricultural w/power vested primarily in state govts |
| first 13 colonies | Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia |
| Jay Treaty | stated that the US was sovereign over the entire North Amer. northwest and provided for compensation for seized shipping |
| Pinckney Treaty | allowed the US to send ships down the Mississippi and allowed them to dock in New Orleans and transfer goods to ships headed to the ocean |
| Quebec Act | a law that recognized the Roman Catholic Church as the established church in Quebec. |
| Boston Port Act (after Boston Tea Party) | An act to discontinue, in such manner, and for as long as needed, the landing and discharging, lading or shipping, of goods, wares, and merchandise, at the town, and within the harbour, of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, in North America. |
| e pluribus unum | one out of many |
| The Sons of Liberty | represented the radical wing of patriots through the years of crisis. They would not hesitate to scare a customs official out of town or tar and feather an enemy. |
| The Daughters of Liberty | ensured that women did not purchase British goods. |
| Intolerable acts | Quartering Act, Boston Port Bill, Administration of Justice Act, Massachusetts Govt Act,Quebec Act |
| Declaration of Independence | Finally on July 4, 1776, the colonies approved the document. The vote was twelve to zero, with the New York delegation abstaining. |
| Siege of Yorktown | October 1781, the war virtually came to an end when General Cornwallis was surrounded and forced to surrender the British position at Yorktown, Virginia. |
| Louisiana Purchase | April 1803; land purchased from Napolean/France - northern US from Montana to Wisconsin south to Louisiana; Thomas Jefferson |
| Lewis and Clark | May 1804 set out from St Louis along the Missouri River going north and west; Sacajawea; returned Sept 1806 |
| the Missouri Compromise. | 1st: MO would be added to the union as a slave state, but balanced by the admission of Maine, a free state, that had long wanted to be separated from Mass. 2nd:slavery was to be excluded from all new states in the Louis. Purch. north of the southern bound |
| Industrial Revolution. | The development of railroads (1820-1830s) was one of the most important phenomena of the Industrial Revolution. |
| transcontinental railroad. | The two railroads, Central Pacific and Union Pacific, met at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, |
| The War of 1812 | fought between the United States and Great Britain from June 1812 to the spring of 1815; British impress American sailors, trade restrictions introduced by Britain, British military support for American Indians |
| Manifest Destiny | courageous pioneers believed that America had a divine obligation to stretch the boundaries of their noble republic to the Pacific Ocean |
| MOnroe Doctrine (1823) | european powers should cease to consider the American continent as a place for possible colonization |
| Slave codes | forbade slaves in the south to: own property, leave the plantation or farm without permission; be out or congregate after dark |
| 1848-1849 | california gold rush |
| Dred Scot decision 1857 | slaves were not citizens and had no legal rights; congress did not have legal rights to deprive citizens of their property including slaves |
| Fort Sumter | Apr 21 1861 - first shots of the Civil War; South Carolina; Confederate Gen Beauregard fired on Union commander Anderson for 36 hours |
| Jim Crow laws | segregated whites from African americans |
| Los Angeles | began as a tiny Spanish pueblo in the middle of an empty, semi-arid coastal plain |
| Kofun Era | nomadic warriors who would later become lords of feudal Japan arrived in this era |
| Bafku means | tent gov't |
| unifiers of feudal Japan | Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu |
| Buddhism | facilitated the conversion of Asoka into Indian society |
| Maya | Meso American civilization first established the concept of zero |
| Five pillars of the Islamic Faith | confession of faith, payment of alms, fasting from sunrise to sunset during Ramadham, pray 5 times a day at fixed times, pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during lifetime |
| Sub-Saharan people who created life sized figures of humans and animals in terra cotta | the Nok |
| Pre-Columbian American culture who worshipped the sun | Inca |
| Turning point in Amer Revolution that led France to help the Americans | Battle of Saratoga |
| Federalists | urged ratification of the Constitution, with a possible bill of rights to be discussed after ratification |
| Turning point of Civil War and the last chance at a military victory for the Confederacy | Battle of Gettysburg |
| Factors in developing colonial American agriculture | availability of land, limitations of climate and land, shortage of labor |
| Credit Mobilier Scandal | a dummy construction company used by railroad magnates to defraud the govt |
| Era of Jacksonian Democracy | removal of Indians from southeastern states; federal financing of internal improvements; the rights of states to nullify federal laws |
| Spanish explorers Hernando de Soto and Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | sought rich Indian civilizations to plunder |
| Lewis and Clark expedition purposes | establish friendly relations w/Indians; gain geographic knowledge about NW USA; gain scientific knowledge about flora and fauna on western USA |
| Black Death of 14th cent AD | enhanced the value of labor (the labor pool was depleted due to the number of deaths) |
| Federal Reserve Board | major responsibility is to implement monetary policy |
| Relationship between education and participation in politics | the more schooling one has, the more likely one is to vote |
| Great Awakening of mid-18th cent | series of religious revivals that swept thru English colonies spreading evangelistic fervor and challenging the control of traditional clerics over their congregations |
| Judicial restraint | the tendency of judges to interpret the constitution in light of the original intent of its framers |
| Missouri Compromise | all of the Louisiana territory north of 36 degrees 30' be closed to slavery (north of the southern Missouri border) |
| Black American slaves showed resistance prior to the Civil War by... | breaking tools and working slightly slower; passive resistance |
| Separation of power | Congress having legislative power and the President having executive power |
| 13th Amendment | officially ended slavery |
| Marbury v. Madison | affirmed the Supreme Court's power to judge the constitutionality of law passed by Congress |
| California's geography can be described as... | arid and semi-arid environments with large populations and industrial centers; semi-tropical, Mediterranean climate attracts people; kept it free from European settlement for a long time |
| Mexican independence | led to the demise of California mission |
| the Emancipation Proclamation | was given by Lincoln to rally the morale of the North by giving a higher moral purpose to the war rather than just to preserve the Union |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | the US Supreme Court ruled that no black slaves could be US citizens |
| Manifest Destiny | the destiny of the US to spread throughout the continent |
| Thomas Paine's Common Sense | emotionally aroused thousands of colonists to the abuses of British rule, oppressive monarchy, and advantages of colonial independance |
| Original reason Abraham Lincoln took Union into war against the Confederacy | to preserve the Union |
| Marbury v. Madison | US Supreme Court could declare an act of congress to be unconstitutional |
| Trail of Tears | forced migration of Cherokee tribe from southern Appalachia to Oklahoma |
| Silk Road connected | China, Iran, and India |
| the Anaconda Plan | strategic policy of Union to destroy the Confederacy by constant pressure and wear down their ability to wage war |
| Austria had almost continuous warfare against whom in late 17th cent | France and Ottoman empire |
| Characteristics of Fascism | totalitarianism, romanticism, militarism |
| Industrial economy of 19th cent relied on | availability of raw material; availability of capital; distribution system to market finished products |
| Reason the Catholic Church delayed response to the Reformation | the papacy feared remnants of the Conciliar Movement within the church itself |
| the Sovereignty of Parliaments edicts over colonies was... | a key issue that prevented American colonists from resolving their problems with England without open rebellion |
| non-French intellectuals who participated in the Enlightenment | Edward Gibbon, David Hume, Ben Franklin |
| Restoration Colonies such as the Carolinas | created mainly due to the restoration of the Stuarts to the English throne |
| writ of Habeas Corpus | used to effect the release of a person from improper imprisonment |
| Casework | member of House of Reps helps a constituent receive federal aid they are entitled to |
| Five Civilized Tribes | the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole |
Created by:
nuttyandplain
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