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Age of Industry
20/21st - Davis - SVHS - A New Industrial Age
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bessemer Process | Injecting oxygen into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities creating steel |
| Vertical Integration | Owning all businesses involved in the production of a product |
| Social Darwinism | Theory that those who are the most “fit” will succeed and become rich |
| Cartel | a loose association of businesses that make the same product and agree to limit supply to keep prices high |
| Horizontal Integration | Owning all the companies that produce similar products |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | law passed by Congress in an attempt to limit the amount of control a business could have over an industry |
| Trusts | numerous companies within an industry agree to turn over their assets to a trust in return for a share of the profits of the new organization |
| Interstate Commerce Act | established the right of the federal government to supervise RR activity using a five member Interstate Commerce Committee (ICC) |
| monopoly | one company dominates an industry through horizontal consolidation—buying up businesses of competitors |
| Robber Barons | Exploited natural resources, drove competitors to ruin, paid workers measly wages, provided dangerous working conditions, and lived in lap of luxury |
| What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution? | Immigrants, inventions, capital, migration to cities, and urban growth |
| What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution? | Growth of big businesses, skyrocketing urban population with urban problems, social reformers, and political machines seize control of cities |
| What did new forms of energy, communication, and transportation trigger? | a massive INCREASE in industrial productivity |
| Who were the key players of the Industrial Revolution? | inventors, investors, & workers |
| What revolutionized American Industry through faster delivery of products, lower production costs, and by creating national markets? | The Transcontinental Railroad |
| Who built his Employees a town that contain brick homes with a window in every room, doctor’s offices, shops, and an athletic field? | George Pullman |
| Laws that were passed because a group of farmers organized and sponored political candidates to put a stop to the Railroad charging high rates and misusing land grants? | Granger Laws |
| Who owned Standard Oil Company and used trusts to gain total control of the oil industry in America by selling his oil at a lower cost than it was to produce it? | John Rockefeller |
| What were shops where employees such as women & children worked in a run down apartment house because they often paid lower than factories. | sweatshops |
| What included: 12-14 hour days, six days a week, wages so low that everyone in the family had to work, poor lighting and ventilation, and high death rates. | working conditions of the time period |
| By the end of the 1800s, how many children between the ages of 10 and 16 was employed. | 1 in 5 |
| Who attempted Industrial Unionism with railway workers in 1894 and won a strike for higher wages. | Eugene Debs |
| Who became president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and focused on collective bargaining to improve conditions, wages and hours. | Samuel Gompers |
| Who formed the United Mine Workers of America and was an important figure in West Virginia in ralling the coal miners to strike and march to Mingo. | Mother Jones |
| In an effort to prevent unions from forming employers would have new employees sign what workers nicknamed _________________ contracts stating they would never join a union. | Yellow Dog |
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