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AVS-330 Quiz 11
11/9/17-11/14/17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heritability- Alt1 | measures the degree to which offspring resemble their parents |
| Heritability- Alt2 | is the squared correlation between performance and breeding values. |
| Heritability-Alt3 | value expected per unit change in phenotypic value |
| Heritability- Alt4 | is the proportion of difference in performance for a trait that are attributable to difference in breeding value. |
| E_k | known environmental effects (effects for which adjustment factors are known- age of dam, age of calf, #born, sex of offspring,..) |
| E_uk | unknown environmental effects (effects for which adjustments factors are unknown- weather, disease...) |
| Environmental Uniformity | Mange animals so that environmental effects on the performance of different animals are as similar as possible. Do not make environments better, make them uniform |
| Accurate Measurement of Performance | The more accurate the measurement of performance in a trait, the higher the h^2 |
| Contemporary Groups | CG- group of animals that have experienced a similar environment with respect to the expression of a trait Contemporaries perform in the same location, are of the same sex, are of similar age, and managed alike |
| E_ui | unknown environmental effects particular to an individual (disease...) |
| E_uc | unknown environmental effects particular to contemporaries |
| Trait Ratio | An expression of relative performance. The ratio of an individual's performance to the average performance of all animals in the individual's CG An alternative to deviations from CG means. |
| Repeatability 1 | a measure of strength of the relationship between repeated records (repeated phenotypic traits) for a trait in a population |
| Repeatability 2 | a measure of the strength of the relationship between single performance records (phenotypic values) and producing abilities for a trait in a population |
| Repeatability equation | r=sigma^2_BV+simga^2_NAV+sigma^2_EP/sigma^2_P |
| Producing Ability (PA) | the value of an animal as a producer (milk, fleece weight, litter size, racing speed, ect.) for any repeated trait |
| PA equation | PA= BAV+NAV+E_p |
| E_p | Environmental effects which permently affect an animals production (beef- fat deposited in udder; dairy-mastitis) |
| E_t | temporary environmental effects - influences only one record of an animal |
| PA can be used in.... | BV estimation, MPPA calculations, making culling decisions on repeated records |
| BV Prediction equation | BV=[nh^2/1+(n-1)r]x P hate |
| P hat | phenotypic average of repeated measures |
| n | number of repeated measures |
| Most probably producing ability (MPPA) | is an estimate of producing ability; is a prediction of the next record |
| MPPA equation | MPPA=[nr/1+(n-1)r] x P hat_IND |
| n | number of records |
| P hat _IND | average of repeated records |
| Culling Decisions | ... repeatability can provide guidance in culling decisions high(r)- cull on first record low(r)- cull on average of 2+ records (cutoff is approximately 4 records) |
Created by:
laura.peterson38
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