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pp 50 - 100
O'Sullivan 2009
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What part of the pelvis is commonly fractured when the pelvis is laterally compressed or the person falls from a roof and lands on the feet? | acetabulum fracture |
| What movement(s) does the iliofemoral or "Y" ligament resist? | extension |
| What movement(s) does the ischiofemoral ligament resist? | extension and internal rotation |
| What movement(s) does the pubofemoral ligament resist? | abduction |
| According to the book, does excessive anteversion lead to internal or external rotation of the lower limb? | excessive anteversion can lead to internal rotation and a toe-in gait pattern |
| According to the book, does retroversion lead to internal or external rotation of the lower limb? | external rotation |
| How many degrees is normal anteversion? | The femoral neck is usually rotated 15 dgrees anterior to the long axis of the femur |
| What are the two primary hip flexors? | iliacus and psoas major = iliopsoas. flexes hip in open chain ex and tilts pelvis anteriorly during closed chain activities |
| What are the primary hip extensors? function? | hamstring muscles and gluteus maximus. closed chain: getting up from a chair, lifting, stair climbing, running and jumping. open chain: flex knee |
| What are the primary hip abductors? function? | gluteus medius and minimus: stabilize pelvis during stance. abduct femur in open chain ex with helpof TFL and piriformis |
| What are the primary hip adductors? function? | adductor magnus, longus and brevis. contract during swing phase of gait and can assist in extension and rotation of femur |
| What are the primary hip internal rotators? | anterior fibers of gluteus medius and minimus |
| What are the primary hip external rotators? | obturator externus and quadratus femoris |
| What is the role of hip internal/external rotators? | fine tune femoral position during gait and open chain activities |
| Into what two nerves does the sciatic nerve branch? | common peroneal (fibular) and tibial |
| What is patellofemoral syndrome? | abnormal alignment of the tibia and femurcan cause cumulative trauma on the underside of the patella |
| Between what range of degrees are the MCL and LCL the most effective at restraining varus and valgus forces? | full extension and 30 degrees of flexion |
| What is the effect of knee position on amount of compressive force transmitted through the menisci during weight-bearing? | During full knee extension, the menisci transmit 50% of the compressive forces across the knee. The menisci transmit 85% of the compressive forces at 90 degrees of flexion |
| Which direction do the menisci move during knee flexion/extension? | menisci move posteriorly during knee flexion and anteriorly during knee extension. this movement helps distribute synovial fluid over the articular cartilage |
| are the menisci vascularized throughout? | no. the menisci are avascular in their inner 2/3 and partly vascular in their outer 1/3 |
| Do meniscal tears more commonly occur to the medial or lateral meniscus? | medial |
| Is the MCL more taut in internal or external rotation of the tibia? | external. opp for LCL |
| What is the function of the PCL? | prevents posterior displacement of tibia and prevents hyperflexion/hyperextension of knee |
| What ligament is likely to be damaged when apassenger's leg is driven against a dashboard? | PCL |
| What is the role of the ACL? | prevents anterior displacement of tibia and prevents knee hyperextension. |
| what motions would injury ACL? | when tibia is driven anteriorly on femur, femur is driven posteriorly on tibia, or knee joint is hyperextened with internal tibial rotation. |
| What can tightness in the ITB lead to? | |
| When does the most stress on the ACL occur during extension? | from 45 - 0 degrees of extension. from 75- 0 degrees, the quadriceps pulls the tibia anteriorly against the ACL |
| what is the anserine busa? | separates the tendons of the sartorisu, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscels from the proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia. |
| What are the motions of the calcaneus, talus, and tibia during closed chain pronation? | calcaneal eversion with plantarflexion and adduction of the talus on the calcaneus. internal tibial rotation. |
| What is the function of the peroneus (fibularis) longus and brevis in open/closed chain? | open chain: evert foot and ankle |
| What is the function of the quadratus lumborum? | stabilizes lmbar spine, unilatrally elevates the ilium and bilaterally assists in forced exhalation and extends the back |
| Name the extrinsic muscles of the back: | superficial muscles: trapezius and latissimus dori |
| Name the intrinsic muscles of the back: | superficial: splenius muscles(capitis and cervicis) |
| what is the action of the splenius muscles? | acting alone: laterally flex and rotate head and neck to same sied |
| What is the action of the erector spinae? | bilat: cause head and vertebral column to extend |
| what is the action of the transversospinal muscles? | bilat: extend and stabilize the spine |
| Is the articular disc of the TMJ more firmyly attached to the mandible or temporal bone? | mandible |
| Which direction does the head of the mandible slide on the articular tubercle as the mouth opens? | the articular disck slides anteriorly against the posterior surface of the tubercle as the mouth opens |
| How many mm does the mandible open without translation of the condyle? | 20-25 mm |
| What are the two phases in mandibular depression (mouth opening)? | phase I: rotation of condyle around the long axis of the condylar heads, takes place in first 10-15 mm before entering phase II |
| How many mm is functional opening of the mouth? | 40 mm |
| What osteokinetic movements doew lateral excursion of the mandible include? | mandible moves laterally in horizontal plane and involves anterior translation on the contralateral side and spin on ipsilateral side |
| What muscles elevate the mandible for the biting movement? | temporalis, masseter and medial ptergoid mm |
| what muscles protrude/retrude mandible? | the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles protrude the mandible and the post fibers of the temporalis mm retrude the mandible |
| What muscle(s) depresses the mandible? | mandibular depression occurs primarily by gravity |
| What may happen to the disc in the TMJ if the joint structures are strained due to improper closure of the mandible? | the disc may then desplace anteriorly and medially |
| What can happen to the TMJ during yawning or taking a large bite? | the TMJ can dislocate anteriorly. contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscles may cause the head of the mandible to dislocate or pass anterior to the articular tubercle. the mandible remains wide open and the person is unable to close it. |
| What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate? | coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis |
| From what spinal cord segment is the musculocutaneous nerve derived? | C5, C6 |
| Describe the sensory distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve | anterolateral surface of forearm |
| What movements would one love if the musculocutaneous nerve was damaged? | loss of forearm flexion when supinated, weakened supination |
| From what spinal cord segment is the radial nerve derived? | C6,7,8, T1 |
| what muscles does the radial nerve innervate? | triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, wrist, fingers, and thumb extensors |
| Describe the sensory distribution of the radial nerve | post arm, post forearm, and radial side of post hand |
| What movements would one lose if the radial nerve was damaged? | loss of elbow, wrist, finger, and thumb extension |
| From what spinal cord segments is the axillary nerve derived? | C5,6 |
| What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate? | deltoid, teres minor |
| Describe the sensory distribution of the axillary nerve? | lateral arm over lower portion of deltoid |
| What movements would be lacking if the axillary nerve was damaged? | loss of shoulder abduction, weakened external rotation |
| What muscles does the Median nerve innervate? | pronators, wrist and finger flexors on radial side, most thumb muscles |
| From what spinal cord segment does the median nerve arise? | C6,7,8,T1 |
| Describe the sensory distribution of the median nerve | palmar aspects of thumg, second, third, and fourth (radial half) fingers |
| What would you lose if your median nerve was damaged? | loss of forearm pronation, thumb opposition, flexion, and abduction |
| From what spinal cord segments does the ulnar nerve arise? | C8, T1 |
| What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate? | flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum frofundus (medial half), interossei, fourth and fifth lumbricals |
| Describe the sensory distribution of the ulnar nerve | fourth finger (medial protion), fifth finger |
| What would you lose if ulnar nerve was damaged? | loss of wrist ulnar deviation, weakened wrist and finger flexion, weakened fourth and fifth finger fleion, loss of thumb adduction, loss of most intrinsics (claw hand) |
Created by:
lhillard
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