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ED 213 Ch. 4
Ch. 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Information-processing model | a model of cognition that focuses on how children acquire, store, and use knowledge. |
| Sensory register | the component of the information processing model where initial stimuli from the environment are briefly held. |
| Long-term memory | the relatively permanent storage of information. Duration is long and capacity is very large, perhaps unlimited. |
| Executive functions | the brain’s control of its own information processing. |
| Working memory | the component of the information processing model where items of information are temporarily held for encoding or processing. |
| Cognitive flexibility | the ability to switch from one cognitive activity or perspective to another (also called attention shifting). |
| Inhibitory control | the ability to inhibit processing irrelevant information or to suppress a response. |
| Selective attention | attending to task-relevant input while suppressing irrelevant input. |
| Metacognition | cognition that reflects on, monitors, or regulates other cognition. |
| Retrieval | finding items in long-term memory and placing them into working memory. |
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by hyperactivity, low impulse control, and inattention. |
| Inclusion | creating learning environments that enable learners with special education needs to fully participate in the school community. |
| Fuzzy traces | a detailed gist of an experience rather than an exact memory. |
| Interference | existing information in long-term memory prevents accurate retrieval of new information, or information learned recently prevents accurate retrieval of older information. |
| Source monitoring | memory of the source or origin of information. |
| Encoding | the process of forming mental presentations of information for storage. |
| Rehearsal | mentally repeating information over and over in working memory. |
| Elaboration | a method of enhancing memory that involves creating visual or verbal links or representations to associate two or more items. |
| Childhood amnesia | the inability to recall things that occurred during infancy, typically from birth to about 3.5 years of age. |
| Schema | an organized network of information. |
| Script | a schema for how to do something or for an event. |
| Mnemonics | techniques for improving memory |
| Acronym | a mnemonic technique that takes the first letters of words to be remembered and combines them into a word or phrase. |
| Keyword method | a mnemonic in which a keyboard that sounds like the target word is chosen and then an image is linked with it. |
| Spaced practice | multiple periods of practicing, studying, over a period of time rather than in a single massed episode. Also referred to as distributed practice. |
| Induction | a form of reasoning in which a child detects generalization, rules, or regularities, often, but not always, through comparison and contrast. |
| Computation thinking | a particular type of large-scale problem-solving using computers. |
Created by:
Maddyjo
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