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22 age of reform
An American Nation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| city manager | A form of government invented by progressives, designed to bring expertise and efficiency to city government. Elected commissioners appoint a nonpartisan, professional manager to administer city affairs. It enjoyed exemplary success in Dayton, Ohio. |
| Federal Reserve Act | Legislation passed in 1913 that gave the US a central banking system governed by a Federal Reserve Board, which controlled the rediscount rate and thus the money supply. |
| Aschan artists | An early 20th century school of artists who supported progressive political and social reform. They turned to city streets, the slums, and the working class for subject matter. |
| Newlands Act | Passed in 1902.This legislation funneled the income from federal land sales in the West into ferederal irrigation projects.A keystone in P. Roosevelt's favorite progressive concern, conservation.. |
| New Nationalism | In 1912, running on the Progressive party ticket, T. Roosevelt campaigned this comprehensive progressive platform for economic and social legislation. It was for expanding federal power to regulate big businesses and enacting social-justice legislation. |
| William E.B. Du Bois | A black intellectual at the turn of the 20th century. An outspoken leader of the the black cause. He clashed with Booker T. Washingon's accomodationist posture and advocated for equality. He was a founder of NAACP and editor of its journal, The Crisis. |
| Hepburn Act | The 1906 act that made effective the regulatory power of the Interstate Commerce Commission. It gave commissison power to inspect railroad companies' records, set maximum rates, and outlaw free passes, which were often used to influence politicians. |
| Muller Vs. Oregon | In 1918 Supreme Court case in which Louis Brandeis, lawyer for the Consumers' League, prepared brief with economic/ sociological evidence showing long working hours were hazardous. The Court's decision resulted states to protect women/ limit child labor. |
| Leon Czolgosz p1 | An anarchist who assissinated P. William McKinley in 1901 [making T Roosevelt P. by default]. case/22/ In 1902, P Roosevelt ordered the Justice Department to bring suit against Northern Securities Company, a railroad monopoly. |
| Leon Czolgosz p2 | The Supreme Court dissolved the company, ruling that it violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. The case helped earn Roosevelt the title of "trustbuster". |
| Lincoln Steffens | A muckraking journalist, investigative reporter who exposed the graft [bribery] and corruption of boss and machine politics in city and state government. |
| Greenwich Village | Located in New York City, this was a gathering place of bohemian thinkers and "radical" progressives who sought basic changes in America's middle-class society. |
| trustbuster | Nickname given to Roosevelt because of his crusades against American Tobacco and Northern Securities [although an exegeration]. He saw large business concentrations in need of government regulation, not destruction. |
| The jungle | Socialist journalist Upton Sinclair's novel that was a devastating expose of Chicago's slaughterhouses. Its publication and popularity helped P Roosevelt pressure Congress into enacting meat-inspection and pure food and drug legislation. |
| lily-white policy | When Roosevelt, as much a racist as others, ran for president on the Progressive party ticket in 1912, he pursued this policy: He wooed white voters in the South, hoping to break the strength of the Democratic party there. |
| New Freedom | In the 1912 presidential campaign, Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson ran on this platform contending that the government could best serve public interest and provide social justice by breaking up trusts and restoring competition to the economy. |
| National Women's Suffrage Association | Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, this was a progressive women's rights organization that campaigned for women's right to vote and the unionization of women workers. |
| Robert La Follette | An accomplice of corruption in government who became reform governor (later senator) Wisconsin. He had faith in people's abilityy, to do the right thing. Founded the Wisconsin idea of including scholars/ experts in the administration of state government. |
| search for order | Phrase which summarizes the goal of early 20th century progressives. They put a premium of order, efficiency, cooperation, and organization as solutions to the complex problems brought by industrialization. |
| Federal Trade Commission | Created in 1914 by Congress to replace the Bureau of Corporations, this non partisan commission investigated and reported on corporate behavior, and was authorized to issue cease and desist orders against unfair trade practices. |
| William Monroe Trotter | A caustic critic of Booker T. Washington, along with Harvard classmate Du Bois. He opposed Washington's call for black accomodation to white prejudice. He led a delegation of African Americans to Washington DC to protest the gov's segregation policy. |
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff | A protectionist tariff bill signed by President William Howard Taft although he personally favored downward revision of US tariffs. His action alienated many congressional progressives from his administration. |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | Legislation passed in 1914 that strengthened existing antitrust laws. It outlawed interlocking directorates, exempted labor unions from antitrust laws, and limited the use of injuctions (A court order preventing parties taking action) in labor disputes. |
| Wisconsin Idea | Term given to the concept of enlisting academicians in government service. Progressive Governor Robert La FOllette called on the faculty of the Uni. of Wis. to offer its expertise to help him bring progressive change to the state. |
| Leon Czolgosz p1 | An anarchist who assissinated P. William McKinley in 1901 [making T Roosevelt P. by default]. case/22/ In 1902, P Roosevelt ordered the Justice Department to bring suit against Northern Securities Company, a railroad monopoly. |
| Leon Czolgosz p2 | The Supreme Court dissolved the company, ruling that it violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. The case helped earn Roosevelt the title of "trustbuster". |
| Lincoln Steffens | A muckraking journalist, investigative reporter who exposed the graft [bribery] and corruption of boss and machine politics in city and state government. |
| Greenwich Village | Located in New York City, this was a gathering place of bohemian thinkers and "radical" progressives who sought basic changes in America's middle-class society. |
| trustbuster | Nickname given to Roosevelt because of his crusades against American Tobacco and Northern Securities [although an exegeration]. He saw large business concentrations in need of government regulation, not destruction. |
| The jungle | Socialist journalist Upton Sinclair's novel that was a devastating expose of Chicago's slaughterhouses. Its publication and popularity helped P Roosevelt pressure Congress into enacting meat-inspection and pure food and drug legislation. |
| lily-white policy | When Roosevelt, as much a racist as others, ran for president on the Progressive party ticket in 1912, he pursued this policy: He wooed white voters in the South, hoping to break the strength of the Democratic party there. |
| New Freedom | In the 1912 presidential campaign, Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson ran on this platform contending that the government could best serve public interest and provide social justice by breaking up trusts and restoring competition to the economy. |
| National Women's Suffrage Association | Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, this was a progressive women's rights organization that campaigned for women's right to vote and the unionization of women workers. |
| Robert La Follette | An accomplice of corruption in government who became reform governor (later senator) Wisconsin. He had faith in people's abilityy, to do the right thing. Founded the Wisconsin idea of including scholars/ experts in the administration of state government. |
| search for order | Phrase which summarizes the goal of early 20th century progressives. They put a premium of order, efficiency, cooperation, and organization as solutions to the complex problems brought by industrialization. |
| Federal Trade Commission | Created in 1914 by Congress to replace the Bureau of Corporations, this non partisan commission investigated and reported on corporate behavior, and was authorized to issue cease and desist orders against unfair trade practices. |
| William Monroe Trotter | A caustic critic of Booker T. Washington, along with Harvard classmate Du Bois. He opposed Washington's call for black accomodation to white prejudice. He led a delegation of African Americans to Washington DC to protest the gov's segregation policy. |
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff | A protectionist tariff bill signed by President William Howard Taft although he personally favored downward revision of US tariffs. His action alienated many congressional progressives from his administration. |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | Legislation passed in 1914 that strengthened existing antitrust laws. It outlawed interlocking directorates, exempted labor unions from antitrust laws, and limited the use of injuctions (A court order preventing parties taking action) in labor disputes. |
| Wisconsin Idea | Term given to the concept of enlisting academicians in government service. Progressive Governor Robert La FOllette called on the faculty of the Uni. of Wis. to offer its expertise to help him bring progressive change to the state. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Leader of national progressivism at the turn of 20th century. He supported regulation of big businesses, conservation of natural resources (tree hugger), and a "square deal" - fair for ordinary people. He expanded the role and authority of the preside |
| Triangle Shirtwaist factory | The tragic death of 150 women employees at this NY in 1911, caused by locked doors and absence of fire escapes led to the passage of stricter building codes and factory-inspection laws to protect workers. |
| William Haywood | An organizer of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and openly anticapitalist labor organization. Alhtough he was sometimes dramaatic in his leadership, he was unable to draw in many members. |
| McClure's | A magazine where progressive muckraker journalist like Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell started their careers. |
| George Norris | In 1910, he led progressive insurgents in the House of Representatives to strip Speaker Joseph Cannon of his control of the Rules Committee appointments. This restricted some of the arbitrary ("given") power of the Speaker of the House. |
| city commission | Form of city gov. invented by progessives, designed focus responsibilty, ease the coordination of complex municipal activities. The system integrated executive and legislative powers to a small elected commission. First experimented in Galveston, Texas. |
| Samuel M. Jones | Nicknamed the "Golden Rule" he was the progressive reform mayor of Toledo, Ohio at the turn of 20th cent. He, like other reform mayors, launched a massive assault on dishonesty and ineffeciency in urban government. |
| Niagara Movement | Impatient response to T. Washington's advocacy of black accomodation to white prejudice. More militant black called for equal opportunity, justice, an end to segregation. This backlash led to founding: ational Association Advancement of Colored People. |
| talented tenth | African-American leader William E.B. Dubois Believed that the elite of the nation's blacks are those with aspiration, thrift, ability, character would save the race from discrimination and prejudice of whites. |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's ideas affected the thinkiing and behavior of progressives. They saw in his theories an advocacy of a revolution in manners and morals, including the ending of the double standard relating to sex, and rejection of Victorian morality (prudency). |
| Gifford Pinchot | Nation's chief forester and conservationist. became involved in dispute with P. Taft's interior secretary, RIchard Ballinger in 1910: disposition of public domain lands in Alaska which Ballinger wanted to give to mining interests, he opposed but lost. |
| muckrakers | Progressive investigative journalists who exposed the corrupted side of American life at turn... They were named by Roosevelt who disapproved of their "raking in the mud". |
| progressivism | Term used by historians attach to describe various movement for social change that climaxed between the Spanish-American War and WWI. Its origins put effort to control big business, provide social justice, clean up corruption and ineffeciency in gov. |
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