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All subjectrs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | Internal balance of the body |
| Adrenal Glands | Top of each kidney produces epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticorsteroids (the stress hormone) |
| Pituitary Gland | often called the master gland because it controls several other hormone glands in your body, including the thyroid and adrenals, the ovaries and testicles. |
| Hypothalams | serves as a communications center for the pituitary gland and influences the functions of temperature regulation, food intake, thirst and water intake, sleep and wake patterns, emotional behavior and memory. |
| Cortisol | the "stress hormone" because of its connection to the stress response, can help control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, help reduce inflammation and assist with memory formulation. also supports the developing fetus during pregnancy. |
| Nociceptors | a sensory receptor for painful stimuli. |
| Effects on Massage | gives chance to relax and disassociates from other stressors and shuts out the "fight or flight" reaction |
| Physiological Efftect | reassuring touch of therapist helps relive anxiety and fear |
| Physical Effect | lowers blood pressure, slows down heart rate, relaxes body, breathing slows adrenal secreation |
| Protoplasm | colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements, such as proteins, fats, carbs, mineral salts and water are present |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Cell Membrane | also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment |
| Cytoplasmic organelles | discrete structures within a cell, having specialized functions, identifying molecule structure, and a distinctive chemical composition |
| Differentiation | repeated division of the ovum during early development stages, resulting in specialized cells that differ from one another |
| Anabolism | the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from smaller ones to larger ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism. |
| Catabolism | the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms form larger to smaller ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism. |
| Enzymes | proteins that act like catalysts for chemical reaction in metabolism while remaining uncharged |
| Endoderm | inner most layer of a cell |
| Mesoderm | middle layer of a cell |
| Ectoderm | outermost layer of a cell |
| Epithelial Tissue | lines the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout the body, functions include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. |
| Skeletal Membrane | covers bone and cartilage |
| Periostium | fibrous membrane that covers the bone and serves as attachments for tendons and ligaments |
| Perichondrium | membrane covering cartilage |
| Synovial Membrane | a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of joints |
| Smooth muscle Tissue | an involuntary non-striated muscle cannot be stimulated to contract be conscious effort |
| Fascia | a thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ. |
| Decubitus | bed sores |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | is the most common skin cancer |
| Malignant Melanoma | The most serious form of skin cancer |
| Marrow | connective tissue filling in the cavities of the bone that form red and white blood cells |
| Class I Sprain | there is a stretch in the ligament, some discomfort and a minimal loss of function |
| Class II Sprain | the ligament is torn, with some loss of function, discoloration from tissue damage and bleeding might be present |
| Class III Sprain | the most severe sprain in which ligament are torn, and there internal bleeding and severe loss of function |
| Sarcolemma | the fine transparent tubular sheath that envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles. |
| Sarcomere | the smallest functional unit of the muscle cell containing the actin and myosin filaments |
| Myosin | a fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cells. |
| Actin | a protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cells. |
| Transverse Tubules | are extensions of the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | is a membrane bound structure found within muscles cells, that is similar to the endoplasmic reticulum in other cells, main function is to store calcium |
| Myoneural Junction | a chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. |
| Spindle Cells | located in the belly of the muscle alerts the CNS as to the length, stretch and speed of the muscle |
| Motor Unit | made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals, groups of this unit often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle |
| Isometric Contraction | occurs when a muscle contracts and the ends of the muscle don't move(ex. pushing against the wall) |
| Isotonic Contraction | occurs when the muscle contracts and the distance between the ends of the muscles change(ex. lifting an object.) |
| Concentric Contraction | occurs when the muscle shortens(ex. biceps shorten when flexion of the elbow) |
| Eccentric Contraction | cause muscles to elongate in response to a greater opposing force.(ex. going down stairs, running downhill, lowering weights and the downward motion of squats, push ups or pull ups) |
| Septrum | the wall that separates the chambers of the heart |
| Tricuspid Valve | allow the blood to flow from rt atrium into rt ventricle |
| Pulmonary Semilunar Valve | directs blood from rt ventricle to pulmonary arteries |
| Biscupid Valve | allow blood to flow from lft atrium into lft ventricle |
| Aortic Semilunar Valve | permits blood to be pump from lft ventricle into aorta |
| Venules | microscopic vessels that continue from the capillaries and merge to form veins |
| Arteries | transports oxygenated blood from the heart |
| Veins | carry deoxygenated blood and waste laden blood from the capillaries back to the heart |
| Sclerosis | abnormal hardening of body tissue |
| Atherosclerosis | disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries,Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood,this limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your organs.Massage is contraindicated. |
| Arteriosclerosis | the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, occurring typically in old age, sometimes restricting blood flow to your organs and tissues.Massage is contraindicated unless ok by Dr |
| Thrombophlebitis | presence of a blood clot in an inflamed vein |
| Aneurysm | an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall. Massage is contraindicated. |
| Hemophila | Characterized by extremely slow clotting of blood and excessive from even very slight cuts. Indicated with light strokes |
| Anemia | Condition on which there is a rapid or inadequate production of red blood cells.Symptoms can include, shortness of breath, fatigue and inability to stand cold. Massage is indicated,helps move oxygen and carbon dioxide thru body |
| Leukemia | A form of cancer in which there is an uncontrolled production of white blood cells.Symptoms may include easy bruising, low resistance to infection and anemia.During chemotherapy massage is contraindicated. other wise it is beneficial. |
| Phagocytes | blood cells that are able to engulf and digest cellular debris and foreign bodies in the tissue. |
| Acquired Immunity | obtained either from the development of antibodies in response to exposure to an antigen, as from vaccination or an attack of an infectious disease, or from the transmission of antibodies, as from mother to fetus through the placenta |
| Dendrites | connect with other neurons to receive information |
| Synapse | the junction where nerve signals jump from one nerve to the other |
| Neotrasmitter | a chemical that sends a nerve signal across a synapse |
| Sensory Neurons | carry nerve impulses from sense organs to the brain |
| Motor Neuron | carry nerve impulses from the brain to effectors |
| Afferent Nerves | carry impulses toward spinal cord and brain |
| CNS | consist of the spinal cord and brain |
| Meningitis | an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, is strictly contraindicated in the acute phase, people that have recovered are safe to receive massage. |
| Dura Mater | outer layer of the meninges |
| Pia Mater | inmost layer of the meninges |
| Arachonoid Mater | middle space of the meninges |
| Cerebrum | connected by bundles called corpus callosum, control sensory and motor activities |
| Cerebellum | helps maintain body balance , coordinates voluntary muscles, makes muscular movements smooth and graceful |
| Diecephalon | includes the hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal and pituitary glands |
| midbrain | controls visual auditory reflexes that coordinate head and eye movement with things seen and heard |
| Pons | relays nerve impulses between the cerebrum and the medulla and from the cerebrum to the cerebellum |
| Medulla Oblongata | regulates movement of the heart and controls vasoconstriction of the arteries and the rate and depth of respiration |
| Peripheral Nervous System | consists of all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body |
| Autonomic NS | regulates the action of glands,smooth muscles and the heart |
| Somatic NS | consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the voluntary muscles and skin |
| Cranial Nerves | twelve pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain through openings in the base of the cranium |
| Cervical Plexus | consists of the four upper cervical nerves that supply the skin and controls movement of the head, neck ans shoulders |
| Brachial Plexus | composed of four lower cervical nerves and the first of thoracic nerves that control arm movement |
| Lumbar Plexus | formed from the first four lunar nerves |
| Sacral plexus | formed from the forth and fifth lumbar nerves, and the first four sacral nerves |
| Sciatic Nerve | the largest and longest nerve in the body |
| Coccygeal Plexus | formed from a portion of the forth sacral nerves, the fifth sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve |
| Dermatome | an area of the skin supplied by nerve fibers originating from a single spiral nerve root |
| Sympathetic NS | supplies the glands, involuntary muscles if internal organs and wall of blood vessels with nerves and prepares the body for energy expanding circumstances, activates the fight or flight responds |
| Parasympathetic NS | functions to conserve energy and reverse the action of the sympathetic division, relaxes the fight or flight responds |
| Exeroceptors | record conscious sensations such as heat, cold , pain, and pressure through out the body |
| Propioceptors | sense where the body is and how it moves |
| Muscle Spindles Cells | sensory organs in muscles that detect the rate of stretch in muscle |
| Golgi Tendon organs | multibranched sensory nerves ending located in tendons |
| Multiple Sclerosis | occurs in young adults and results from the breakdown of the myelin sheath, massage is indicated for relaxation and helps reduce muscle stiffness |
| Parkinson's Disease | occurs as a result of degeneration of certain nerve tissues that regulate body movement, bodywork’s ability to alleviate joint and and muscle stiffness |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of the arms and legs, caused by a stroke or spinal cord injury, bodywork’s ability to alleviate joint and muscle stiffness makes it a logical choice |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities; doesn't not effect the arms and the hands, bodywork’s ability to alleviate joint and muscle stiffness |
| Hemiplegia | unilateral paralysis caused by a stroke, massage is indicated under DR approval,if taking blood thinner DT should be avoided |
| Epilepsy | a neurological condition in which there is an abnormal electrical activity in the CNS without apparent tissue abnormalities,people experience declines in seizure frequency with the use of relaxation techniques |
| Exocrine | relating to or denoting glands that secrete their products through ducts opening onto an epithelium rather than directly into the bloodstream. |
| Endocrine | ductless glands, depend on blood and lymph to carry their secretion to various effected tissues |
| Calcitonin | a hormone that controls the level of calcium in the blood |
| Thyroxin | primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism |
| Triiodothyronine | primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism |
| Cretinism | a congenital disease due to absence or deficiency of normal thyroid secretion, characterized by physical deformity, dwarfism, and mental retardation, and often by goiter. |
| Parathormone | regulates the blood level of calcium |
| Tetany | sustained muscle contraction that usually effect the hands and feet |
| Islets of Langerhans | found in the pancreas, produce insulin and glucagon |
| Cushing's Syndrome | a disorder that occurs when your body has a high level of the hormone cortisol. |
| Common cold | viral infection , which is usually spread through physical contact, nasal congestion, milf fever, sore throat, dry cough and headache |
| Influenza | "flu" viral infection, spread through physical contact, nasal congestion or discharge, mild fever, body aches, symptoms lasting more than 3 days. |
| Pneumonia | a type of inflammation of the lungs, caused by viruses and bacteria, coughing and chills, high fever, and body aches to chest pains, cyanosis, and thicken yellowish/green or blood streaked phlegm |
| Tuberculosis | high infectious airborne disease that can begin in lungs and speard to other parts of the body,night sweats, fatigue, cough that will start dry, and later begin to produce bloody or pus filled phlegm |
| Digestion | process of converting food into substances capable of being used by the cells for nourishment |
| Absorption | process in which digested nutrients are transported from the alimentary tract into the blood and lymph vessels |
| Peristalsis | is the wave like muscular action of the alimentary canal |
| Metabolic Waste | are production formed from cell metabolism |
| Nephron | is the function unit of the kidney |
| Serotonin | neurotransmitter in brain, regulates mood body temp, sleep and appetite |
| Epinephrine | produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons, It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar |
| Norepinephrine | is similar to epinephrine in its physiological effects but acts to regulate regular physiologic activity rather than being released in response to stress |
| Adrenaline | occur as part of the body's fight-or-flight response to stress, |
| Proprioceptive | relating to stimuli that are produced and perceived within an organism, especially those connected with the position and movement of the body. |
| Enkephalines | function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators at many locations in the brain and spinal cord and are involved with pain perception, movement, mood, behavior, and neuroendocrine regulation |
| Endorphines | raise the pain threshold and produce sedation and euphoria; the effects are blocked by naloxone, a narcotic antagonist. |
| Dopamine | hormone that influences voluntary movement, attention and alertness |
| Gate Control Theory | A theory which states that pain may be relieved by the application of pressure to certain parts of the body because the brain receives messages concerning pressure faster that it receives messages concerning pain |
| Convection | the transfer of heat through the movement of air |
| Convertion | converting of an energy source into heat as it passes through the boys tissue |
| Cryotherapy | the application of cold agents for therapeutic purposes |
| Hydrocollator | an appliance used to heat and store chemical gel moist packs |
| Hydrotherapy | application of water to the body in any of the three forms for therapeutic purposes solid, liquid and vapor |
| Hyperthermia | higher than normal body temp,usually produced by an external environment such as a sauna or body wrap |
| Hypothermia | a lower than normal body temprature |
| Thermotherapy | the external application of heat to the body |
| Diathermy | the application of oscillating electromagnetic fields to the tissue |
| CBAN | effects of using Ice: cold, burning, aching, and numbness |
| Classification of therapeutic effects of water on the body | thermal, mechanical, and chemical |
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