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Chapters 18/19
Absoulte Monarchs/enlightenment
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Philip II | king of spain who sent a huge fleet of warships to defeat england |
Catherine II | queen of russia who was born a german princess named Sophie |
Louis XIII | weak king of france who relied on a strong advisor to run the country |
Frederick William II | king of prussia who increased the size of his country, won the seven years' warl, and stressed science |
Charles V | Wealthiest, strongest king in europe in the 1500s who ruled spain, the holy roman empire, the netherland. part of italy, and austria |
Louis XIV | known as the sun king who built versailles palace in france |
peter I | king of russia who toured european capital cities |
joseph II | king of austria who abolished the death penalty, allowed religious freedom and freed the serfs |
Henry IV | king of france who was born a Huguenot and allowed them religious freedom |
Maria Theresa | queen of austria whose father came up with the pragmatic canction to help his daughter take over after his death |
Charles II | Ruler of England during the Restoration |
CHarles I | Ruler of england during the English Civil War |
William & Mary | Asked by Parliament to rule England and changed the government to constitutional monarchy |
Oliver Cromwell | known as the Lord Protector of england |
James II | English ruler who gave up the throne after 3 storstormy years feuding with parliament |
James I | unpopular english king who was born in scotland and known for his sloppy appearance |
Francis Bacon | english scientist who began using the scientific method |
Isaac Newton | English scientist who developed calculus and wrote about the laws of gravity |
Nicholaus Copernicus | Polish scientist who developed the heliocentric theory |
antoine-laurent lavoisier | french scientist who introduced the metric system and developed the periodic table in chemistry |
antony von leewenhoek | dutch scientist who invented the microscope |
Robert Boyle | English scientist known as the "father of democracy" |
Galileo Galilei | Italian who invented the telescope |
Rene Descartes | Mathematician who said" I think, therefore, I am" |
johannes kepler | german mathematician who calculated the elliptical orbits of planets around the sun |
william harvey | english physician who discovered the purpose of blood in the body was to carry oxygen throughout the body |
Denis Diderot | wrote the first encyclopedia to spread knowledge |
Francois-Marie Arouet | said "I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." |
Charles Montesquieu | Believed in spearation of powers in government into 3 branches with a checks and balance system |
Adam Smith | Scottish sconomist who believed in laissez-faire where government left business alone |
thomas paine | in his pamphlet common sense urged americans to declare their independence |
samuel adams | leader of the sons of liberty responsible for the boston tea party |
james madison | known as the father of the constitution |
thomas jefferson | author of the declaration of independence |
articles of confederation | the first laws of the US which were written weak on purpose |
Charles Cornwallis | British general who accepted defeat for his country and surrendered to the amercians |
constitution | the laws of the US |
George Washington | the general who lead the american army in the american revolution |
declaration of independence | document written by the second continental congress that created the United States of America |