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Aphasia

Cognition

QuestionAnswer
General Cognitive Functions (5) Perceiving -> Remembering -> Understanding -> Judging -> Reasoning
Perceiving Noticing something with your senses (information from the outer world) - Related to attention
Remembering Storing information gathered through perception - Memory
Understanding to know the meaning of information
Judging to form an opinion about the correctness of information
Reasoning to do something with the information (e.g., make an argument)
Extralinguistic cognitive domains (3) Attention, memory, executive function.
Attention (4 types) Ability to focus on stimulus: sustained (over a period), selective (filtering competing), divided (more than one at once), alternating
Memory (3 types) The storage of information. 1) Working memory = space for manipulation. 2) Short-term memory = time in seconds. 3) Long-term memory
Types of long-term memory 1) Declarative (Medial temporal lobe and diencephalon): episodic & semantic. 2) Non-declarative (basal ganglia): procedural
4 Rules of Memory 1-You cannot remember what you do not pay attention to. 2-You cannot remember (long term) what you do not understand. 3-You must practice memory (e.g., practicing piano). 4-You must actively manipulate memory to store it.
Internal Memory Strategies (5) 1-Repetition (neuroplasticity – repetition matters!) 2-Visualization (visualize notes; turn info into story) 3-Association (mnemonics) 4-Grouping (place like items together) 5-Writing it down (physical writing improves memory)
External Memory Strategies (5) 1-Calendars 2-To do lists 3-Journals 4-Electronic organization 5-Electronic reminders
Executive Functions ... order and manage all other cognitive functions (e.g., attention, memory) for the purpose of setting and attaining goals
Prefrontal Cortex Functions Restraint, Initiative, Order
Restraint Judgement Foresight Perseverance Delayed gratification Inhibition of socially inappropriate responses Self-governance Concentration
Initiative Curiosity Spontaneity Motivation Drive Creativity Shifting Cognitive Set Mental flexibility Personality
Order Abstract reasoning Working memory Perspective taking Planning Insight Organization Sequencing Temporal order
Created by: ashea01
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