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Space Science 2
Space Science Chapter 2 - moon, sun and earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What direction is down on the Earth? | towards the center |
| The Earth rotates around an imaginary line running through the center called __________. | axis of rotation |
| The ends of the axis are called _______________. | north and south poles |
| How long does it take earth to rotate on its axis? | 24 hours |
| How many degrees is the earth tilted from its orbital plane? | 23 degrees |
| Without the sun's ____, earth would keep moving in a straight line into space. | gravitational pull |
| Patterns of temperature changes and other weather trends are called _________. | seasons |
| At an ___________, sunlight shines equally on the northern and southern hemispheres. | equinox |
| At a ________________, an area of sunlight is at a maximum in one hemisphere and at a minimum in the other. | solstice |
| What day of the month do equinoxes/solstices occur? | 21st |
| The ________ marks the beginning of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern hemisphere. | September Equinox |
| The ____________ is the Summer solstice in the southern hemisphere and the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere. | December Solstice |
| The ________ marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern hemisphere. | March Equinox |
| The ____________ is the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere and the winter solstice in the southern hemisphere. | June Solstice |
| As we approach summer, the sun appears to be ___________ in the sky each day. | higher |
| The more direct are the rays of the sun, the ____________ an area will become. | warmer |
| Earth is closet to the sun during what season? | winter |
| What are the two reasons Earth is warmer in summer than winter? | It's tilted toward the sun and it is receiving direct rays. |
| At any moment, half of the earth is in _____________ and the other half is in _______________. | daylight/ darkness |
| What keeps the earth from flying off in a straight line into space? | sun's gravity |
| How long does it take the Earth to complete its orbit around the sun? | 365 days |
| A completion of Earth's orbit around the sun is called a _______. | revolution |
| The word equinox means____________ | equal day and night |
| The word solstice means____________ | "sun stops" |
| At the summer solstice, the northern hemisphere is pointed ________. | Towards the sun. |
| On any day, the sun's rays feel hotter when it is ________ in the sky. | higher |
| The higher the sun, the __________ the shadow it casts. | shorter |
| Seasonal temperatures depend on ________ and ________. | 1. angle of the sun's rays |
| The longer the sun is out on any day, the ______ will be the temperature. | higher |
| AT the poles, the sun may never rise for months during _______ and may never set during __________. | winter/summer |
| Dark area on the moon's surface - | mare (maria, plural) |
| Light areas on the moon's surface | lunar highlands |
| Why does only one side of the moon face the earth? | Because the moon turns once on its own axis each time it orbits Earth. |
| What is the earth's satellite? | the moon |
| What keeps the moon orbiting around the earth> | gravity |
| What language what used to name structures on the moon? | Latin |
| These were formed on the moon's surface when small objects in space collided with the moon. | impact craters |
| Why are impact craters visible on the moon for long periods of time? | Because the moon has no water or air to wear away the craters. |
| The maria on the moon where caused by what? | Volcanic eruptions. |
| How long does it take the moon to orbit the earth? | 27.3 days |
| The lunar highlands on the moon were caused by_________ | impact craters |
| How much has the moon changed in the last hundred years? | The moon has not really changed for the past 3 billion years. |
| Lunar soil has been caused by________________. | weathering |
| The dark-colored rock that formed from lava is called _____________. | basalt |
| What is the outer-most layer of the moon called? | crust |
| What is the middle layer of the moon called? | mantle |
| What is the inner-most layer of the moon called? | core |
| The mantle is mostly made up of _______ and ________. | iron and magnesium |
| What moon rock do scientists think came from the mantle due to its element content? | basalt |
| What moon rock is found in the maria? | basalt |
| How is "moon light" generated? | Moonlight is really light from the sun reflected by the moon's surface. |
| What do we call the patters of lit and unlit portions of the moon that you see from earth? | lunar phases |
| The moon cycle begins with a _____ ______. | new moon |
| How does a new moon look from Earth? | It looks like there is no moon. |
| What do we call the moon when it is growing bigger? | waxing |
| At any given time, sunlight is shining on how much of the moon's surface? | half |
| What do we call the moon when it is getting smaller? | waning |
| What do we call it when the near side of the moon is more that half lit but not fully lit and is still waxing? | waxing gibbous moon |
| What do we call the moon when the whole near side is lit by the sun? | full moon |
| After a full moon when the moon appears to be shrinking, what do we call it? | waning gibbous moon |
| Name the lunar phases from New moon to New moon. | New moon - crescent - waxing gibbous - full - waning gibbous-crescent - new moon. |
| Crescent moons are most visible when? | Daytime or sunrise or sunset. |
| When are gibbous and full moons mostly visible? | nighttime |
| This occurs when a shadow makes the sun or the moon seem to grow dark. | eclipse |
| In a ________ eclipse, the sun seems to darken. | solar |
| In a ________eclipse, the moon seems to darken. | lunar |
| What is the darkest part of the earth's shadow called? | umbra |
| What is the lighter cone of the earth's shadow called? | penumbra |
| What causes tides on earth? | The moon's gravity |
| How many tides do you expect per day? | About 4 |
Created by:
lisabilo
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