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COMD 326 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describes a normal /r/ | semi-vowel,sonorant constant, rhotic |
| Does not describe a normal /r/ | stable format values |
| Maximum phonation time is calculated by | say /a/ as long as possible |
| Voice onset time | measures the amount of time between burst and onset of voicing |
| Diodectickinetic rate (DDK) | determined the number of syllables used in one second. |
| Amplitude measure | determine the highest energy value of a vowel |
| Hypokinetic dysarthria common in Parkinson is characterized by | reduced vocal intensity, reduced jitter, increased shimmer, not monotone |
| spatsic dysarthria | increased effort in speech production |
| in voice characteristics irregularity of frequency ir amplitude(shimmer) is called | perturbation |
| in voice characteristics change in format or time | slope index |
| spectral measure example | resonant frequency of noise |
| The glottis is open during which (thrown out of test) | real answer breathing other accepted the glottis is open for more than one function listed above...(breathing, coughing,phonation) |
| Not true for the F2 transitions | a long and shallow F2 transition relfects a tongue movement that is fast with full range of motion |
| true for F@ transitions | related to place of articulation, used to calculate slope index |
| a voice disorder by tissue changes that are due to disease process is called | organic disorder |
| Put the stages in correct order low pressure is created behind fast moving air column bottom and top of vocal fold toward midline column of air pushes the vocal folds open bottom to top closure of the vocal folds cut of air column and release pulse of | column of air opens vocal folds form top to bottom low pressure is built bottom and top of vocal folds to midline closure of vocal folds cut off air column |
| Fastest format transitions for English phoneme | /w/ Glides |
| Format frequencies are | frequency bands with increased energy |
| periodic frequencies | present in an aperiodic complex sound |
| complex | frequencies present in pure tones |
| glottal spectrum | nothing to do with filter |
| nasals do/are not | higher in amplitude than vowels |
| nasals have | format structures similar to vowels, bifurcated vocal tract, severely damped in comparison to vowels |
| longest voice onset time | stops voiceless /p/ |
| highest frequency of noise | fricative further forward /v/ |
| teh vocal tract acts as an acoustic resonator meaning it | selectively transmits frequencies through it |
| Individuals with a trachestomy have difficulty speaking because | they can not achieve subglottal pressure |
| with out the bernoulli principle vocal fold -------necessary for a muscosal wave would not occur | adduction |
| acoustic measures such as jitter and shimmer | may be used as a screening tool,may be used to monitor voice changes over time,may be used to detect early changes in voice that may not be detectable with perceptible ear |
| /k/ is produced by | suddenly releasing pressurized air from a constriction in vocal tract |
| snort | suddenly releasing pressurized air from nasal cavity |
| acoustic analysis of the ------- is appropriate to monitor progress of phonological process, velar fronting in a child | spectral slope of burst |
| speakers with cleft palate typically have particular difficulty producing fricatives because of | reduced intraoral pressure |
| the vowel in the word head is a | mid low front vowel |
| must happen before voice therapy | evaluation by otolaryngologist |
| dysarthrias that affect voice production are associated with | centeral nervous system damage |
| subglottic pressure | is the primary determiner in loudness |
| the term hyponasal refers to | decreased nasal pressure |
| total occlusion of vocal tract | is represented visually by the stop gap |
| damping is most evident in the production if | nasals |
| during the production of vowels the relative position of the tongue along the back-front dimension is expressed acoustically by | the frequency if the second format |
| tongue height | the first format frequency |
| foramt frequencies for vowels do not vary by age or gender | False |
| in the same speaker the F2 of /w/ is ----than the F2 of /j/ | Lower |
| In the same speaker the F3 of /l/ is ----- than the F3 of /r/ | higher |
| Rounding and retracting of the tongue | changes the formats making them lower, especially effects F2 |
| Raising the tongue | Lowers F1 changes the formats making them higher |
| Myeloelasticaerodynamic theory | a widely accepted theroy of vocal fold vibration |
| nasal murrmur | an extra low frequency format that occurs when the velum is relaxed |
| stop gap | the time when the intraoral pressure is built up for a sound such as /t/ reflects the time during which the articulators are forming the blockage |
| VOT voice onset time | refers to the time between the release of the articulatory blockage in a sound such a /k/ to the beginning of vocal fold vibration for the following vowel |
| spectogram | 3-d graphic representation of sound displaying frequency info on the vertical axis, time on horizontal, and amp as the darkness of shading |
| format frequency | harmonic frequencies/frequency amplified due to the resonant characteristics of the vocal tract |
| fundamental frequency | lowest frequency of a sound the number of vibrations per second |
| acoustic vowel quadrilateral | a graphic representation of an individual's vowel space created by plotting the coordinates for the first and second formats of each vowel |
| Define Frequency transition, in which constants are they evident, when in vowels | a format transition is when a format changes due to a change in the shape of the vocal tract which changes the format. |
| Frequency transition, in which constants are they evident, when in vowels | These are evident in diphtongs, glides and liquids they are evident in and regular vowels and sonorant constants as they transition to adjacent sounds |
| Draw name and Label the axis of the spectra of the source filter theroy of vowel production | 1. Source y=amplitude, x=frequency- bars going like downward slope 2 Filter y=amp,x=frequency-wave 3 output spectrum y=amp,x=frequency-source+Filter |
| a voice disorder with no known causes | functional disorder |
| a high F2 is a good cue for which sound | /i/ |
| deteremines the format structure of speech sounds particularity vowels | the length and shape of vocal tract |
| Particular frequencies of sound are selectively reinforced when traveling through objects | resonance |
| vowel errors on sonorant constants would be manifest as | changes in format structure |
| the characteristic acoustic features of fricative constants is | noise energy |
| perception of stop constants is usually done categorically | true |
| constants are --- than vowels | shorter in duration and lower in amp |
| the vocal tract is least constricted in the production of | low vowels |
| what type of constant is characterized only by its format transitions | glide |
| what format transition is similar in both alveolar and velar stop constants | F1 |
| resonant constant that has a spectrum characterized by stable format structure but very low amp (formats are evident but very light) | /n/ |
| a low format f3 is a distinctive acoustic property of | /r/ |
| the spectrum of labidental fricatives is characterized by | low energy flat and diffuse spectrum |
| The middle ear amplifies pressure waves why are these action necessary | because of the difference of medium between middle(air) and inner(fluid) ear will cause much of the energy to be reflected |
| frequency selectivity | represents the ability of the auditory system to resolve the different frequencies present in complex sounds. without such frequency resolution multiple frequencies will perceived in the same way distorting the sound |
| aperiodic sounds on spectrogram | lack well defined formats |
| four differences between breathing for life and speech breathing | breathing speech: Intensity of exhalation is constantly changing,more vital capacity is used,inhale through the mouth instead if nose,the inhales are shorter and exhales are longer |
| the maximum quantity if air exhaled after a maximum inhalation is called | residual volume |
| subglottal pressure refers to | the pressure below the adducted vocal folds |
| The velopharyngeal port is closed most of the time when we breathe. | false |
| The footplate of the stapes is embedded in the | oval window |
| The stiffer part of the basilar membrane | responds to higher frequencies |
| for people with hearing loss constants are easier to perceive than vowels | false |
| people with hearing loss can hear all sounds as long as they are adequately amplified | false |
| Inability ti perceive format transitions between fricatives and adjacent vowels may make fricative identification particularly difficult of people with hearing loss | true |
| the ear is a transducer because it converts | acoustic energy to mechanical to electrical |
| ossicle embedded in Tempanic membrane | malleus |
| the end of the basilar membrane that responds to high frequency is | basal end |
| a measure of how much force is needed to set something into vibration | immitance |
| a measure of how easily energy is transmitted through a system | admitance |
| a measure of resistance to energy transmission | impedance |
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kallipso
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