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Anatomy Bone Test
Four Steps of Bone Repair, Subdivisions of Human Skeleton, 3 Bone Diseases, ect.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Volkmann's Canal | Small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels from the peristeum into the bone that communicates with the Haversion Canal |
| Structure of a long bone that allows for large amounts of weight and stress | ephiphyses strengthen bone ends (wider), diaphysis is thicker in the middle, and spongy bone surrounded by compact |
| Functions of Vertebral Column | encloses/protects spinal cord, allows for movement, distributes weight to lower limbs, provides attachments for muscles |
| Function of Facial Bone | forms framework of the face, contains cavities for special sense organs, provides openings for passage of air food and water, secures teeth, anchors facial muscle, most are flat bones other than the mandible, all bones are connected by sutures |
| Spongy Bone | internal bone, very porous, AKA concellous bone, mostly at bone ends, houses the majority of red and yellow marrow, important for blood production |
| Haversion Canal | central canal in the middle of compact bone |
| Red Marrow | found in spongy bone cavities of both long and flat bones, blood forming tissues (hematopeitic), head of femur and humerous of adults have a great deal |
| Foramen | opening though a bone |
| Sharpey's Fibers | collagen fibers that connect/anchor the periosteum to compact bone |
| Endosteum | delicate connective tissues that lines the inside of the medullary/marrow cavity |
| Compact Bone | outside layer of dense bone, gives bone tensile strength and weight bearing |
| Yellow Marrow | fat storage in medullary cavity, can revert to red marrow to reproduce blood if person becomes severely anemic to produce blood |
| Osteon | basic unit of structure in compact bone, canal surrounded by lamellea |
| Periosteum | membrane that covers the outer surface of bone |
| 2 Subdivisions of the Human Skeleton | axial and appendicular |
| Axial | skull, rib cage, and spinal column |
| Appendicular | limbs |
| Different Types of Bone | long bone, flat bone, spongy bone and compact bone |
| 4 Functions of the Human Skeleton | support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage |
| Wolff's Law | bone in a healthy human or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed |
| Functions of Thoratic Cage | protects heart and lungs, supports upper limbs, attachment for respiration muscles |
| Spine | thorn like projection |
| Suture | union of 2 bones |
| Groove | rut in a bone |
| Process | a bone prominence |
| Four Steps of Bone Repair | Step 1: Hematoma Formation Step 2: Fibrocartilage Callus Formation Step 3: Bony Callus Formation Step 4: Bone Remodeling |
| Step 1 : Hematoma Formation | blood vessels in the broken bone tear and hemmorage forming clotted blood at the break site |
| Step 2: Fibrocartilage Callus Formation | within days, cappilaries grow into the hematoma while phagocytic cells begin to clear away dead cells |
| Step 3: Bony Callus Formation | cartilage callus converted to bony callus of spongy bone |
| Step 4: Bone Remodeling | bony callus is remodeled by osteoclasts/blasts, with the excess material in the exterior of thr bone and within medullary cavity being removed |
| Paget's Disease of Bone: CAUSES | commonly thought to be caused by a childhood virus called Paramyxovirus Nucleocapsid |
| Paget's Disease of Bone: SYMPTOMS | pain in the back, hips and neck, abnormal walking, bone fracture, bow legs, headaches, bine stiffness, and the sensation of pins and needles |
| Paget's Disease of Bone: TREATMENT | there is no cure but medications such as painkillers and dietary supplements can help to reduce the breakdown of bones |
| Pagets's Disease of Bone: CONNECTION TO HOMEOSTASIS | caused by a virus that isn't found in a normal bone |
| Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica: CAUSES | caused by hyperparathyroidism which is the overproduction of the pararthyroid hormone and is commonly caused by benign growths of the glands |
| Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica: SYMPTOMS | bone pain/tenderness, fracture, deformations and can cause kidney stones, nausea, constipation, fatigue and weakness |
| Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica: TREATMENT | vitamin D treatment, removal of the thyroid gland, or a bone transplant |
| Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica: CONNECTION TO HOMEOSTASIS | the overabundance of PTH causes osteoclasts to degrade bine at a faster rate and deposit great amounts of Ca2+ into the blood. bones become weaker and Ca is higher |
| Osteoporosis: CAUSES | imbalance between new bone formation and old bone resorption. bones become brittle, thin and porous and are easy to break |
| Osteoporosis: SYMPTOMS | there are generally no symptoms but may expirence back pain, poor posture, and frequently occuring fractures |
| Osteoporosis: TREATMENT | maintaining a well balanced diet, taking vitamin D and calcium, exercising, not smoking, limiting alcohol, and preventing falls |
| Osteoporosis: CONNECTION TO HOMEOSTASIS | bone resorption outpaces bone deposit and bones become very fragile |
Created by:
hlnelson
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