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Keenan - Unit 2 - S8

Vocabulary Science 8: Evolution & Genetics

TermDefinition
Natural Selection Random genetic mutations occur within an organism’s genetic code and beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival.
genetics the science of studying how living things pass on characteristics (or traits) and its variations in their cell make
variations A modification in structure, form or function in an organism, deviating from other organisms of the same species or group.
homologous structures Structures derived from a common ancestor
analogous structures different species having the same appearance, structure or function but do not share common ancestor.
Embryological similarities comparisons of embryos that show relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy.
Taxonomy (biological classification) The classification of organisms in a hierarchical system or in taxonomic ranks based on shared characteristics inferred from the fossil record or established by genetic analysis.
Law of Superposition The law that states that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it.
Phenotype genetic and environmental influences come together to create an organism's physical appearance and behavior.
Genotype genetic makeup of an organism
adaptation Selective pressures that influence the survival and reproduction of organisms over many generations and can change the distribution of traits in the population.
Theory of Evolution The theory states that species change over time.
Evolution adaptation of a species over generations
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