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South America Test
Central and South America Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There is no location in Central America that is more than ______ miles from the sea | 125 |
| _________ __________ Mountains combine to form volcanic chain that continues through Central America. | Sierra Madre |
| ________, culture, and __________ reflect 300 years of Spanish domination of Central America (except for British-ruled country:__________ | Language and religion Belize |
| In the 1500's Fransiscan friars converted Indians to _____ Many died of European ___________ | R.C. diseases |
| "_____________" are people of mixed Indian and Spanish heritage that make up majority of Central America | Mestizos |
| The Ancient Civilizations of Southern America: Mayas (Guatemala, Belize, Mexico)______-______AD Olmecs (Mexico) _____-_____BCE Incas (Peru, Chile) _____-_____ Aztecs (Mexico)_____-_____ | Mayas: 2600-1200 Olmecs: 1200-400 Incas: 1248-1521 Aztecs: 1248-1528 |
| Mayans: Only known full developed written ___________ in the Americas Also known for art and architecture, mathematics and ___________ | language Astronomy |
| Mayans: Classic period: 250-____ - Time of large-scale urban construction: Palenque, Tikal | 900 |
| The Mayan people never fully disappeared and no one knows exactly why the culture collapsed Theories: 1. 2. 3. 4. | 1. War? 2. Agriculture? 3. Drought? 4. Disease? |
| Urban Design in Southern America: Integrated natural features like open public plazas and would build around a __________ _______ _________ At center of the plaza would be temples, government buildings and sometimes _____ _________ Their creation m | Natural Water Sound Law courts Popol Vuh |
| Mathematics in Southern America: Independentlydeveloped the concept of ____ Extremely accurate ______________ observations Knew length of solar year USed exactly ____ days in their calendar | Zero (0) astronomical 365 |
| Religion in Southern America: Believed in the cyclical nature of time Rituals were closely related to ______________ observations Priests made predictions about the future based on these observations Three major planes: Underworld, ____, earth | Astronomical Sky Creation Story |
| Aztecs in Southern America: Aztec cosmology attributed the creation and ordering of the world to the Toltec god: _________________ Believed that each human being was a kind of _____ ________ connecting the earthly realm to the divine | Quetzalcoatl axis mundi |
| Human Sacrifice in Southern America: Aztecs offered up the _______ and heads of their warriors and captives to gain the favor of the gods Believed the only way to delay the end of the age was to continually nourish the sun through sacrifices | hearts |
| What was the "currency" that the Aztecs used in their exchanges with their gods? | hearts |
| Why did the Aztecs perform ritual self-sacrifice on a daily basis | To nourish the sun |
| How did the differentiate rank and position? | People who gave more blood were higher in rank |
| What did the Aztecs diet consist of? | Maize, beans, squash... high protein, low fat |
| What impressed the Spanish about Aztec medical knowledge? | That it was much more advanced than the Spanish's |
| Voyages of a New World: Spanish- attempted to reach east by going ______ Christopher Columbus landed in present-day Cuba and Hispaniola in _____ Four voyages; was forbidden by Queen Isabella to return for a fifth voyage | West 1492 |
| What gave Columbus and his men such an advantage over the native Indians besides superior weaponry? | Bigger industry, armor... |
| Arrival of the Conquistadors IN 1519 Hernan Cortes led an expedition with 600 men to the Mexican mainland in search of slaves and to ________ ____________ From his glorious capital city of Tenochtitlan (present day ______________), the Aztec emperor | Establish trade Mexico City |
| How would you describe Cortez and his actions upon arriving in Central America? Why was he welcomed by the Aztecs? | He was worshiped as a god, but he was a faker |
| Our Lady of Guadalupe The Aztec Empire was destroyed but the Aztec culture survives According to legend the Virgin Mary appeared to an Aztec convert named ______ ________ in 1531 The hill on which she appeared was considered the sacred place of t | Juan Diego Tonantzim |
| How did Juan Diego ultimately convince the Bishop that the Virgin Mary appeared to him? | The roses that should not be in bloom are in bloom, and Juan gives some to the bishop |
| The Inca Empire The vast Inca empire stretched nearly 3,000 miles south from the equator and contained half of the population in South America An efficient system of ________ and messengers kept him informed about major events in the empire The Inc | Sun God Roads |
| The Conquest In 1532 Spanish conquistador ___________ _____________ accompanied by 180 men, 37 horses, and two canons arrange to meet the Inca emperor Boldly Pizarro and his men captured the emperor In exchange for his freedom the emperor offered | Fransisco Pizarro 3 10-11 |
| How would you describe Pizarro and his treatment of the Inca emperor? | Very bad treatment. He kidnapped him, made a deal with him and killed him anyway |
| New World Dominance 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas: the Pope draws"_____ ___ ______________" down what he believed to be the center of South America Why were the Europeans so successful in the area? ___________, ________, and ___________. | Line of Demarcation Guns, Germs, and Horses |
| Administration of the New World Treatment of Native Americans: Misguided paternalism, exploitation (forced labor), and religious zeal (forced conversion). ____________________ = until 1542 in SPanish colonies, the Indian people were divided among th | Encomienda System |
| Impact of European Expansion American Indian civilizations were regarded as uncivilized and barbaric Millions were Killed Some areas lost 100% of their population Estimated that a total __% of the original population was gone in about 100 year | 99 |
| Impact of Exploration Psychological: European success reaffirmed their own belief in their own superiority. Euro centric perspective Economic: Constantly sought _______ and _______. Fueled a price revolution in Europe. New trade items were bro | gold and silver |
| Religion The Roman Catholic Church is the most influential IN the sixties a movement called ____________________ emerged Jesus is een not just as a redeemer but as a liberator of the oppressed Strong desire to bring justice to the ______ So | Liberation Theology poor Christian Socialism |
| What is Liberation Theology | A division of Christianity that emphasizes the Christian mission to bring justice to the poor and oppressed, particularly through political activism. |
| Venezuela Hugo Chavez Socialism Some believe he has helped empower the poor, while other believe he is autocratic and a dictator Anti-imperialist Opponent of the US Believes US wants to ____________ _________ | overthrow him |
| What is Hugo Chavez's nickname for Bush? | Mr. Danger |
| Amazon Rain Forest Largest tropical rainforest: Amazon Rain Forest Area also known as Amazonia ____ billion acres Half of the planet's remaining rainforests The largest and most species-rich tropical rain forest in the world Biodiversity | 1.2 |
| Name some animals that live in the Amazon Rain Forest | Tapers, river turtles, freshwater dolphins, blood-drinking vampire Bats |
| What are the factors that threaten the rain forest | deforestation |
| Deforestation Prior to 1960's - Little access to the Amazon River Basin Cattle raising At the current rate, in 20 years just a little over half will still remain 2005- drought | Facts |
| South America Fun Facts It is the 4th largest continent The Andes are the world's __________ and ____ tallest mountain range The AMzon River is the __________ land and ___ longest river The ___________ Desert in Chile has never recorded rainf | longest and 2nd largest and 2nd Atacama largest Amerigo Vespucci |
| What forces threaten the area of Central America? | Hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanoes |
| What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas? | It gave Spain an advantage over Portugal on exploring their land |
| _________ _______ mountains converge and form a volcanic chain that continues through Central America | Sierra Madre |
| Columbus landed in present-day Dominican Republic & Haiti- which was previously called: | Hispaniola |
| Feathered Serpent God | Quetzalcoatl |
| A desert in Chile that has never recorded rainfall | Atacama Desert |
| the world's largest system of waterfalls | Iguaca Falls |
| Mestizos are a mixture of __________ and ____________ bloodlines. | Indian and European |
| An economic system in which the indigenous people of South AMerica were expected to provide labor, food, woven cloth, and other goods was the ______________ system. | Encomienda |
| Mysterious drawings made by the Nazca people over 2,000 years ago: | Geoglyphs |
| These ruins are an example of Mayan large scale urban construction: | Tikal |
| Our lady of Guadalupe appeared appeared on a hill which was the sacred place of the Aztec mother goddess: | Tanantzim |
| The large-scale urban buildings of the Maya were particularly impressive because the Maya didn't have: | Wheels |
| Mexico City is built on or near the ancient city of _______________ | Tenochtitlan |
| The emperor of the Inca is know for what to things? | Believed he was descended from the sun god Offered a room full of gold and of silver for his ransom |
| List some characteristics of Hugo Chavez | Socialist Anti-imperialist opponent of U.S. Controversial- seen as autocratic dictator and one who helps the poor |
| The treaty of Tordesillas was a line of ____________" drawn by a Spanish pope down he believed was the center of South America | Demarcation |
| Aztec Civilization 1. Religion 2. Daily life and culture 3. History | UNSPECIFIED AS OF NOW |
Created by:
myoung15
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