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Chap 15-2/3
Chemical Compounds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An acid is any compound that increases the number of what when dissolved in water? | Hydronium ions H3O+ |
| What is a property of an acid involving taste? | One property of acids is a sour taste |
| Can acids cause some substances to change color? | Yes |
| How do hydronium ions form? | When a hydrogen ion, H+, separates from the acid and bonds with a water molecule, H2O, to form a hydronium ion, H3O+ |
| The taste of lemons, limes, and other citrus fruits is a result of what? | Citric acid |
| How should you never identify an unknown chemical or a concentrated solution of a strong acid? | By taste, touch, or smell |
| What is corrosive? | That they destroy body tissue, clothing, and many other things |
| Are many acids corrosive? | Yes |
| Are most acids are also poisonous? | Yes |
| What is an indicator? | A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base |
| A kind of indicator that can be used in what? | Bromthymol blue, an indicator, and water |
| What color does the indicator change when an acid is present? | The color changes from pale blue to yellow because the indicator detects the presence of an acid |
| When acids react with some metals, what does it produce? | Hydrogen gas |
| An example of acids reacting to metals is when hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal to produce hydrogen gas, what is the equation for the reaction? | 2HCl + Zn → H2 + ZnCl2 |
| In an reaction, how does zinc displaces hydrogen in the compound? | Hydrochloric acid |
| What is the reason for the displacement of zinc? | This displacement happens because zinc is an active metal |
| What would happen if silver were put into hydrochloric acid? Why? | Nothing would happen because silver is not an active metal, so no reaction would take place |
| When acids are dissolved in water what do they do? | They break apart and form ions in the solution |
| What do ions in acids make a solution possible for? | An electric current |
| What is an example of how an acid can be used to produce an electric current? How? | A car battery is one example because the sulfuric acid in the battery conducts electricity to help start the car’s engine |
| What forms when zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid? | Bubbles of hydrogen gas |
| Acids are used in many areas of what? | Industry and in homes |
| What is the most widely made industrial chemical in the world? | Sulfuric acid |
| What kind of products use sulfuric acid? | Paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers |
| What kind of products use nitric acid? | Fertilizers, rubber, and plastics |
| Hydrochloric acid is used to make what? How? | Metals from their ores by separating the metals from the materials with which they are combined; it is also used in swimming pools to help keep them free of algae, and is even found in your stomach, where it aids in digestion. |
| Hydrofluoric acid is used to do what? | Etch glass |
| What is found in orange juice? | Citric acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) |
| What gives a sharp taste to soft drinks? | Carbonic acid and phosphoric acid |
| A base is any compound that increases the number of what? | Hydroxide ions, OH–, when dissolved in water |
| Sodium hydroxide breaks apart to form what? | Sodium ions and hydroxide ions |
| What is the equation to the reaction when sodium hydroxide breaks apart to form sodium ions and hydroxide ions? | NaOH → Na+ + OH– |
| Hydroxide ions give bases? | Their properties |
| What are four examples of bases? | Soap, bleach, detergent, and baking soda |
| What is a property of a base involving taste? | Bitter taste |
| Are many bases are corrosive? | Yes |
| The indicator, bromthymol blue, turns what color when a base is added to it? | Blue |
| Do solutions of bases conduct electricity? Why? | Solutions of bases conduct an electric current because bases increase the number of hydroxide ions, OH–, in a solution |
| What is a hydroxide ion? What gives it it's negative charge? | A hydroxide ion is actually a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom bonded together; the extra electron gives the hydroxide ion a negative charge |
| Sodium hydroxide is a base used to make what? | Soap and paper |
| What can it also be used in? | Oven cleaners and in products that unclog drains |
| Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is used to make what? | Cement and plaster |
| Ammonia is found in many what? | Household cleaners and is used to make fertilizers |
| Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are used in what? | Antacids to treat heartburn |
| Bases can be used as what? | Cleaning agents, as cooking aids, and as medicines |
| The concentration of an acid or a base is what? | The amount of acid or base dissolved in water |
| The strength of an acid or a base depends on what? | The number of molecules that break apart when the acid or base is dissolved in water |
| If all of the molecules of an acid break apart, what is it called? | Strong acid |
| If only a few molecules of an acid break apart what is it called? | Weak acid |
| A reaction between acids and bases is a what? | Neutralization |
| Acids and bases neutralize one another because why? | The hydrogen ions (H+), which are present in an acid, and the hydroxide ions (OH–), which are present in a base, react to form water, H2O, which is neutral |
| The pH of a solution is a measured how? | The hydronium ion concentration in the solution |
| What is an ionic compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid | Salt |
Created by:
Eun Sil
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