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Unit 2 Study Guide
World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dharma | Spiritual duties of an individual in Hinduism. |
| Karma | The totality of a persons good and bad deeds. The way in which they affect the individuals fate in the afterlife in Hinduism. |
| Moksha | The escape from the cycle of rebirth in Hinduism. |
| Who is the founder of Buddhism? | Buddha, means the enlightened one. |
| Nirvana | The release from the world and the achievement of peace and enlightenment in Buddhism. |
| What are the 2 main rivers of China? | Yellow and Yangtze. |
| What made the economy in India? | Agriculture and trade. |
| Atman | Your true self in Hinduism. |
| Anatman | The disbelief of your true self in Buddhism. |
| Middle Way | Basic Buddhist teachings of the Eightfold Path; it advises people to live in moderation, avoiding the extremes of either comfort or discomfort in the search for nirvana. |
| What is the geography of China? | Long rivers, fertile soils, temperate climates, and isolated valleys. |
| Harappa | Indus civilization that was named after the first ruins. |
| Mohenjo Daro | Mound of death. |
| What were the 2 main rivers of India? | Indus and Ganges. |
| Confucianism | A belief system based on the teachings of Chinese philosopher Confucius that stressed treating one another humanely and honoring one's family. |
| Filial Piety | A love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. |
| Varnas | Name of the four social classes. |
| Vedas | Sacred writing that includes many details about Aryan history and society. |
| Daoism | A system of ideas and beliefs based on the teachings of Chinese think Laozi, who believed that people should live a simple honest life. |
| Who was the founder of Daoism? | Laozi |
| Dao | The path that human life is set on. |
| Mandate of Heaven | The principle stated that the gods would support a just ruler, but they would not allow anyone to corrupt to hold power. The reason the Shang were overthrown, the Zhou explained, was because they had lost the gods favor. |
| What is the Silk Road? | Historical trade route between China and the Mediterranean. |
| What are monsoons? | Seasonal winds in India. |
| Who is Shi Huandi? | The founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty. Best known as the man who unified China after the long chaos of the Warring States period. |
| What is the geography of the Italian Peninsula? | North is desert and mountains and to the east is the ocean. |
| Patricians | Elected officials among the aristocratic families of Rome. |
| Plebeians | Common people of Rome. |
| Who were Romulus and Remus? | Twin brothers who were raised by a she-wolf and founded the city of Rome in 753 BC. |
| Latins and Etruscans | 1/2 way down the Italian Peninsula, on the west coast is a small river called the Tiber. Latin merchants built a village on one of the hills, called the Palatine, in order to trade with the wealthy Etruscan's that lived north of the river. |
| What was the culture of Rome and Greek? | Very similar. They have the same gods, but with different names. When Rome captured Greece they adopted many of their traditions and ideas. |
| What is adoption? | An important aspect of Roman society. Some families with no sons would adopt in order to keep the family name going. |
| Pax Romana | A period of peace in the Roman Empire lasting from the beginning of Augustus's reign until the death of Marcus Aurelius. |
| Who is Augustus? | 1st emperor of Rome. Established the Second Triumvirate with Marc Antony and Lepidus. He created the imperial system of administration, new coinages, and encouraged trade. |
| Who is Julius Caesar? | Added all of Gaul to the republic. Brought many changes to Rome by giving citizenship to the people in the provinces and gave public land to veterans. |
| First Triumvirate | Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, and licinius Crassus. |
| Gaul | A group of people that attacked Rome. |
| Roman Religion | The Romans adopted many elements of Greek mythology. Romans did not limit their belief to only a few gods. They made offerings to any gods to ensure Roman prosperity, including gods borrowed from the Egyptians, Mesopotamian, and Persians. |
| Roman Military | All men between the ages of 17 and 46 with a minimum amount of property were required to serve in the army, Army was organized into units called legions, commissioned officers who each commanded a century of 100 men. |
| Roman Government | The aristocracy (wealthy class) dominated the early Roman Republic (RR). The aristocrats were known as patricians. The highest positions in the government were held by 2 consuls who ruled the RR A senate composed of patricians elected consuls. |
| Consuls | The chief executives to run the the government in ancient Rome. |
| Who said "I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city or marble" | Augustus |
| Bishops | High ranking church official who oversees a group of churches in particular region or city. |
| Apostles | The 12 chosen disciples of Jesus. |
| Pope | Title given to the heads of the Roman Catholic Church. |
| Messiah | A savior sent by god in Judaism. |
| Diocletian | The first emperor. Changed the empire into a monarchy and divided the empire into two. |
| Roman Roads | The Romans built a grid system of roads, many Europeans cities still reflect grid layouts originally planned by Roman engineers. |
| Roman entertainment | Chariot races called circuses, theater such as comedies and satires, mimes, jugglers, dancers, acrobats, clowns, wild animals, battling each other of professional fighters, and gladiator combats. |
| Constantine | The son of the original Caesars, the new emperor who believed in Christianity and built the new capital called Constantinople. |
| Punic Wars | A series of conflict between ancient Carthage and Rome. |
| Carthage | The most powerful city before Rome. |
| Aqueducts | Man made channels used to transport water in ancient Rome. |
| Latin | The language of ancient Rome. |
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Sbunn16
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