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Ancient Rome - Wilts

QuestionAnswer
According to legend, who founded Rome? Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C.
Who really founded Rome? The first settlers of Rome were the Latins.
What group of people from northern Italy conquered Rome and had kings ruling over Rome? Eutruscans
After the Romans overthrew the Eutruscan kings what did the form? A republic
Why was Rome a good location to settle? It had a mild climate, good farmland, and good defensive location.
Why was Rome in a good defensive position? It was built on seven hills.
What river was next to Rome? Tiber River
What advantages did the Tiber River provide Rome? 1. Source of water for farming 2. Source of water for drinking 3. Way to travel 4. Ability to trade 5.Protection from invaders
What peninsula is Rome located? Italian peninsula
What advantage did the peninsula provide Rome? It made it easy for Rome to conquer other lands and develop new trade routes.
What two mountain ranges protected Rome? Alps in the north and Apennines down the middle of Italy.
Why was it easier to farm in Italy than in Greece? The mountains of Italy didn't separate early settlements like they did in Greece.
Who were the patricians? Upper-class, wealthy land owners, held highest positions in the government
Who were the plebians? common farmers, couldn't hold important government positions
What were the twelve tables? Written laws that established basic rights and duties for Roman citizens.
What are the three branches of the Roman Government? Executive, Legislative, Judicial Branches
Who made up the Executive branch? Two consuls
Who made up the Legislative branch? Senate and Assembly
Who made up the Judicial branch? Eight judges
What was the responsibility of the two consuls? led the government and commanded the army
What was the responsibility of the legislative branch? Senate - advised consuls and set policies Assemblies - made laws and selected officials
What was the responsibility of the judicial branch? Oversaw courts and governed provinces
Who fought in the Punic War? Rome and Carthage
Who won the Punic War? Rome
In the second Punic War, Hannibal a general from Carthage crossed the Alps with what animals? elephants
Civil War broke out in Rome because the gap between the patricians and plebians grew. Which group finally won the civil war? patricians
Who was Julius Caesar? Roman general with many talents and ambition. Caesar defeated the Gauls and became dictator of Rome. He was also a good politician.
Why was Julius Caesar killed? Romans feared he was gaining too much power.
When was Caesar assassinated? March 15th, 44 B.C.
Who was Julius Caesars great-nephew and adapted son who took over after Caesar? Octavian who changed his name to Augustus.
Augustus' rule began a long period of peace and stability in Rome. What was that time of peace called? Pax Romana
What were the major achievements of Augustus? He rebuilt and beautified Rome and the military became strong.
What happened during the Pax Romana that improved life in Rome? Agriculture and trade prospered. Industry grew. A common money was used.
Who did the Romans borrow many of their religious beliefs? Eutruscans and Greeks
What aspect of religion did the Romans get from the Greeks? Romans used the same gods, but changed their names. Many of the Roman names are the names of the planets.
What are aqueduct? Structures used to carry fresh water from springs, streams, and lakes into the city.
What took place at the Roman baths? Socializing, baths, exercise, eating
What took place in the Colosseum? Gladiator fights
Who were gladiators? Slaves who were trained warriors that fought other gladiators or animals for the entertainment of the Romans.
What was the Circus Maximus? An oval shaped stadium where chariot races took place.
What new religion spread in Rome that cause fear amongst the Romans? Christianity
Christians were persecuted because of their faith. Which emperor ended the persecutions and made Christianity legal in Rome? Constantine
Which Roman emperor made Christianity the official religion of Rome? Theodosius
Who did the emperor Nero blame for the burning of Rome? Christians
What problems weakened the Roman Empire? Problems with agriculture, the economy, the military, and the political situation
What emperor divided the Roman empire into two halves the Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire. Diocletion
What Empire did Diocletian keep control of? Eastern
Which emperor reunited the Roman empire after Diocletian split it? Constantine
Where did Constantine move the capital? From Rome to Byzantium.
What did Constantine rename the capital? Constantinople
What happened to the Roman empire after Constantine? Constantine's three sons fought over control and the empire was permanently split into the eastern and western halves.
Why did the Western Roman empire weaken? It had less secure borders, smaller cities, and was farther from trade routes.
What two groups moved into the Roman empire? Germanic nomads and later the Huns.
How did the Western Roman empire end? corrupt government, indifferent citizens, breakdown of society, and repeated barbarian invasions
What event marks the final fall of the Western Roman empire? In A.D. 476 the last Roman emperor was removed from power.
The western Roman empire ended, but the eastern Roman empire lasted for how many more years? 1,000 more years
What was the new name given to the eastern Roman empire? Byzantine empire
Who was the Byzantine emperor? Justinian
What was the code of laws called that Justinian created? Justinian Code
How did the church divide during the Byzantine empire? Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church
Who had the authority in the Eastern Roman Empire during Justinian's rule? emperor
Who had the authority in the west during Justinian's rule? pope
What new religion began in Arabia and lead to attacks on the Constantinople? Islam (Muslims)
What finally ended the Byzantine empire? Attack by Ottoman Turks
Created by: wiltsb
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