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science earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| convergent | collide |
| Divergent | To divide |
| transform | to slide against each other |
| subduction | the oceanic crust goes under the continental crust |
| S wave | shakes buildings side to side |
| P wave | causes buildings to contract and expand |
| Surface wave | Shakes buildings violently |
| focus | the point which a rock a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake |
| epicenter | the point right above the focus |
| Mercalli Scale | senses how much damage the EQ is going to do |
| Richter Scale | senses the magnitude |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | senses the energy of the earthquake |
| Magnitude | measurement of an earthquake |
| tsunami | large ocean waves usually caused by earthquakes below the ocean floor |
| Liquifaction | the process in which an earthquake's violent shaking turns loose soft soil into liquid mud |
| aftershock | an earthquake that occurs after another earthquake |
| seismology | study of earthquakes |
| seismograph | an instrument that detects vibrations produced by a earthquake |
| compression | stress that squeezes rock until it folds and breaks |
| tension | stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| plateau | a land form that has high elevation and a more or less level surface |
| shearing | stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in sideways movements |
| normal fault | type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; by tension in the crust |
| reverse fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward: caused by compression in the Earth's crust |
| earthquake | a sudden and violent shaking of the ground |
| crust | |
| fault | a fracture in the earth's crust |
| mantle | layer of the earth beneath the crust |
| lithosphere | a cool solid outer shell of the earth |
| lithospheric plates |
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