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Mitosis + Meiosis
Science Test terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitosis | cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase). |
| Chromosome | Structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material. |
| Asexual Reproduction | a type of reproduction - fission, budding, and regeneration - in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism. |
| Sexual reproduction | a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity. |
| Sperm | haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs; in humans, males reproductive cells produced in the testes. |
| Egg | haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs. |
| Fertilization | in sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and an egg |
| Zygote | new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism. |
| Diploid | cells whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs. |
| Haploid | cell that is half the number of chromosomes as body cells. |
| Meiosis | reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have same number of chromosomes as the parent organism. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases. |
| Gene | section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins. |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes. |
| Mutation | any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little affect on an organism. |
| Cytokinesis | the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic division of the nucleus. |
| Mitosis | cell process in which the nucleus divides to form to nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)(PMAT) |
| Homologous | body parts that are similar in structure and origin and can be similar in function. |
Created by:
21.quinton.meney
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