outer layer of the skin-composed of sublayers called strata. The epidermis contains no nerves or blood vessels Produces Kerastinocytes
Melanocytes
produce pigment in our skin
Erector pili muscles
attach to hair
Dermis
Inner layer of skin that contains collegen and elastin fibers which provide much more of a structure and strength of the skin and is much thicker then the epidermis
Superficial fascia
The subcuntaneous tissue that composes the third layer of skin, consists of loose connective tissueand contains fat or adipose tissue
Adipose
Fat
Sebum
produced by sebaceous glands
Apocrine
Sweat produced glands that has the strongest order
Jaundice
Skin color is a goldish color
Impetigo
A contagious skin disease
Mole
Most potential to become malignant-pigmented skin growth formed of melanocytes
Fibrocystic disease
Lumps found in the axillary area of a female client
Myocardium
Heart muscle
Semilunar
Controls the flow of blood from the ventricals into the aorta
Pulminary trunk
Blood to lungs
Coronary
Vessel most involved in reducing blood flow to the heart- heart attack
Right Atrium
First chamber to recieve blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae
Diastole
Portion of the cardiac cycle that performs relaxation of the ventricals during filling
Blood Pooling
caused by standing still for long periods of time
Dorsalis pedis pulse is located where?
Ankle
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
Dizzyness when sitting up after massage
Caused by stimulation of the baroreceptors
External Carotid
Artery near SCM
Popliteal artery
Artery behind the knee- then divides to become the anterior & posterior tibial artery
Basilic
Vein located in the arm
Saphenous
Varicose vein
Contributes to Hematopoiesis
Stem cell
Ischemia
Temporary or diminished supply of blood to the tissues
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Begionning stages to a pulmonary embolisum
Lymph
Clear interstitial tissue fluid that bathes the cells. Lymph contains lymphocytes which provide immune response; returns plasma proteins that leak thru capillary walls,fat from gastrointsetinal to bloodstream
Subclavian veins
Both lymph ducts empty lymph fluid here
To encourage lymphatic flow in the foot
Stimulate the plantar plexus
Spleen
Stores lymphocytes and blood
Mononucleosis
Contagious
Specific immunity
No longer suscptible- measles/chicken pox as a child, never to return
Antibodies
Serum proteins of the immunoglbulin class that are secreted by plasma cells
Arterioles
the smallest arteries
Arteriosclerosis
a term meaning hardening of the arteries that have become brittle and have lost there elastisity
Artery
A blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood from heart to the body or deoxygenate blood from the heart to the lungs
Atherosclerosis
A condition in which fatty plaque is deposited in medum and large arteries
Atrium
One of the two small thin walled upper chambers of the heart; the right and left atria are sparated by a thin interatrial septum
Blood
A thick, red fluid that provides oxygen,nourishment,and protection to the cells and carries away waste products. Whole blood consists of two components:cellular elements&liquid plasma. A form of connective tissue.
Blood Pressure
The mesurement of pressure exerted by the heart on the walls of the blood vessels. Blood forced into the aorta during systole sets up a pressure wave that travels down the arteries.The wave expands the arterial wall-pulpate press artery=pulse rate
Systolic
High pressure-ventricals are contracted
Diastolic
Lowest pressure-ventricals are at rest
Capillary
One of the smallest vessels found between the arteries and veins that allow the exchange of gases,nutrients and waste. Thin walls-allows molecules to diffuse easy
Coronary Arteries
Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself;locatedin groves between the atria and ventricals and between the 2 ventricals
Dermatitis
Acute or chronic skin inflamation characterised by redness, eruptions,edems,scaling,and itching. 3 Types-1)Atopic 2)Seborreheic 3)Contact dermatitis.
Eczema
form of dermatitis
Heart
Mediastinum of thoracic cavity
Myocardium
Heart muscle
Endocardium
thin inner lining - heart
Epicardium
outer membrane - heart
Heart Valves
4 sets of valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart
Hemorrhage
The passage of blood outside of the cardiovascular system
Immunity
Resistant to desease- functional system - key is the ability to distinguish self from nonself
Lymphocytes
important immune cell- prevents bacteria ans viruses from gaining access to the bloodstream.
Macrophanges
important immune cell
Integument
The skin and its appendages: hair,sebaceous,and sweat glands,nails and breasts.
Lymph Nodes
Small,round along a network of lymph vessels that provide filtering for waste removal & transferring them to bloodstream- cleans spleen,intestines,kidneys. Produce lymphocytes. Located near joint movement to assist in pumping-
Pericardium
Dbl. membranious, serous sac surrounding the heart. It secretes a lubricating fluid to prevent frictionfrom the movement of the heart
Plasma
A thick, straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55% of the blood
Standard Precautions
Est.Center for Diesese Control and Prevention-prevent bacterial and viral infections by setting up specfic methods of dealing with human fluids and waste. Protection from pathogens
Tumors
Neoplasm, new growth
Benign
Nonthreatening
Malignant
Cancerous
Venules
smallest veins
Veins
Blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and send it back to the heart. 75% of the blood in the body is in the venous system. Lg veins often contain a set of valves that ensure that blood flows in the correctly to the heart&prevents backflow
Ventricles
2 lg lower chambers of the heart- thick walled and separated by a thick interventricar septum
Keratin
fibrous protein that protects our skin and makes it waterproof
Skin color
pigment= melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
Stratum Corneum
outer most layer of the epidermis- 20 to 30 layers of kertin-filled, dead cells that continuously shed and are repalced from the layer below
Root hair plexus
Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved.
Sweat Glands-Sudoriferous Glands
Eccrine: raises moisture in the skin (activities)-cool body temp. & elimate waste. 99% water. Apocrine gland- smell, thicker
Sebaceous Glands
Oil(Sebum) gland-Connected to hair folicles by small ducts. Prevents dehydration, soften the skin and hair,slows growth of bacteria
Mammary Glands
Modified apocrine sweat gland.Men nonfunctional.During lactation glandular alveoli produce milk which collects in lobes and passes through lactiferous ducts to the nipple
Eccrine
raises moisture in the skin (activities)-cool body temp. & elimate waste. 99% water.
Ceruminous Glands
Modified apocrine glands found in the external ear canal. Sticky-prevents foreign material and insects from entering Cerumen=Earwax
Alpecia
Hair loss or baldness
Vitiligo
loss of pigmentation in irregular patches
Scleroderma
autoimmune disorder of connective tissue-overproduction of collegen and inflamation.
Lipoma
Benign tumor formed from mature fat cells.-soft,movable-trunk,foroearm,neck
Seborrheic Keratosis
Raised skin leasions-chest,back,neck,face-Benign-
Candidiasis
infection of the skin or mucus membrane-caused by candida albicans(diper rash)= fungal--red,scaly-breasts,finger,toes,groin,axsillae-occur in ear,vagina and mouth-thrush
Valves that allow blood to flow into ventricals BUT keep it from returning to the atria
Mitral-Bicuspid (Left Artioventrical)
Valve located between the Left atrium and the Left ventrical
Tricuspid (Right Artioventrical)
Valve located between the Right atrium and the Right Ventrical
Semilunar
Valves control bloodflow out of the ventricals (into the aorta & pulmonary arteries)& prevent backflow of blood into the ventricals. These valves open in response to pressure when blood leaves the ventricals-close when blood pools near valve &closes valve
Aortic
Valve between the Left ventrical and aorta
Pulmonary
Valve between the pulmonary artery and the Right ventrical
Superior vena cava
The vein that returns poorly oxygenated blood to the right atrium from the upper venous circulation
Aorta
From the heart to the body- artery that carries oxygen and nutrients away from the heart to the body
Inferior vena cava
Vein returns oxygen-poor blood from the lower venous circulation to the right atrium
Pulminary veins
4 Veins- 2 from ea.lung- that bring oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium Only vein that carries oxygen-rich blood
Entrainment
is the coordination or synchronization to a rhythum - heart or other body rhythums
Blood volume and flow
Cardiac output amt of blood pumped by LEFT ventrical in one minute= average 5-6L Blood flows fastest in the arteries and moderate in the veins, slowest capillaries.During exercise, oxygen is needed- 20L
Blood flow through the heart- Stage One
Oxygen poor blood from the body enters the SUPERIOR and INFERIOR VENA CAVA and flows to the - RIGHT ATRIUM (it fills) The full right atrium empties through the tricuspid valve into the RIGHT VENTRICAL
Blood flow through the heart - Stage Two
full RIGHT VENTRICAL-contracts and pushes to pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery(divides)which sends blood to each lung-blood becomes oxygen rich-moves to-4 pulmonary VEINS to LEFT ATRIUM
Blood flow through the heart- Stage Three
Blood leaves LEFT ATRIUM to LEFT VENTRICAL- fills- thru the aorta valve into the aorta and decending aorta to all parts of the body (not lungs)
Mitral valve
the valve between the left atrium and left ventrical
Dorsalis Pedis Pulse
located at the ankle
Tachycardia
Resting heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia
heart rate less than 50-60 beats per minute
Baroreceptors
Nerve center in the cardiovascular system. Transmit signals about sudden changes in bp.
Basilar Artery
one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. The 2 vertral arteries become the basilar artery
Axillary Artery
Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the clavical
Mesentric Artery
Branch of the abdominal artery that supplies blood to the rectum
Celiac (trunk) Artery
Branch of the abdominal artery- supplies the stomach,spleen,and liver (via the gastric,splenic and hepatic artery
Fermoral Artery
Superficial at the femoral triangle and decends to the posterior adductors
Jugular
Superficial Vein/external (right and left)- drains blood from face,neck and head -empties into the subclavian vein. Deep/internal- drainage from brain to subclavian vein
Portal vein
empties into the liver
Heptic veins
Branch of the inferior vena cava from the liver
Renal veins
Branch of tBranch of the inferior vena cavahe inferior vena cava from the kidneys
Iliac veins
Branch of the inferior vena cava from the continuation of the femoral veins (2)
Azygos system
Lies on the posterior body wall and drains the intercostal veins- empties into the superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic vein
2 veins that stem from the jugular vein to become the superior vena cava
Erythrocytes
an iron-protein compound known as hemoglobin
Monocyte
Largest of the white blood cells but only account for 6% of the total number- unique because they leave the blood and enter the tissues
Thrombocytes
Also called platelets- smallest cellular elements of the blood- important in clotting ans are manufactures in the bone marrow
Aneurysm
Permenant diloation of a vessel due to weakness or damage
Embolus
Plug in the blood stream that may be a clot, plaque, air, gas, fat, tumor cells, tissue, clumps of bacteria
Ishemia
temporary deficiency or disminished supply of blood to the tissue
Hemophilia
Bleeding disorder. VIII (vital clotting factor in blood) is diminshed or lacking. Inherited disease
Arrhythmia
Heart rate may be partially or completely irregular=fast or slow
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain from lack of oxygen supplie to heart.
Fibrin
a special protein that forms and seals the damage blood vessels by trapping red blood cells, platelets and fluid to form clots
Mesenteric Artery
Supplies the small intestent part of the pancreas and half of the colon
Cisterna chyli
Lower end of thoracic duct (lymph)
Peyers Patches
are diffuse lymphoid tissue They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, they differentiate the ileum from the duodenum/jejunum in that the number increase further down the intestine
Hodgkins
Painless swelling of the lymph nodes caused by enlarged, mutated macrophanges- usually in the neck and groin
Mononucleosis
Contagious viral infection. Affects the lymphocytes causing an increased number and change in structure.
Leukemia
Cancer of the white blood cells, abnormal cells at a faster rate with a long life span.
Lymphedema
Increase in tissue fluid caused by inflammation of obstruction from scar tissue, parasites or trama.
Lymphomata
A tumor in the lymphatic system
Non Hodgkin primaril and secondary system
cancer of the lymphoid tissue. A grouping of diverse lymphomata that may manifest differently
Nonspecific immune responce
the body responds exactly the same way to all substances that are not identified as part of the body
mr. charles11
