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Cyndi's Chapter 11
Cyndi's Chapter 11 -Nationals
Question | Answer |
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Epidermis | outer layer of the skin-composed of sublayers called strata. The epidermis contains no nerves or blood vessels Produces Kerastinocytes |
Melanocytes | produce pigment in our skin |
Erector pili muscles | attach to hair |
Dermis | Inner layer of skin that contains collegen and elastin fibers which provide much more of a structure and strength of the skin and is much thicker then the epidermis |
Superficial fascia | The subcuntaneous tissue that composes the third layer of skin, consists of loose connective tissueand contains fat or adipose tissue |
Adipose | Fat |
Sebum | produced by sebaceous glands |
Apocrine | Sweat produced glands that has the strongest order |
Jaundice | Skin color is a goldish color |
Impetigo | A contagious skin disease |
Mole | Most potential to become malignant-pigmented skin growth formed of melanocytes |
Fibrocystic disease | Lumps found in the axillary area of a female client |
Myocardium | Heart muscle |
Semilunar | Controls the flow of blood from the ventricals into the aorta |
Pulminary trunk | Blood to lungs |
Coronary | Vessel most involved in reducing blood flow to the heart- heart attack |
Right Atrium | First chamber to recieve blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae |
Diastole | Portion of the cardiac cycle that performs relaxation of the ventricals during filling |
Blood Pooling | caused by standing still for long periods of time |
Dorsalis pedis pulse is located where? | Ankle |
Hypotension | Low blood pressure |
Dizzyness when sitting up after massage | Caused by stimulation of the baroreceptors |
External Carotid | Artery near SCM |
Popliteal artery | Artery behind the knee- then divides to become the anterior & posterior tibial artery |
Basilic | Vein located in the arm |
Saphenous | Varicose vein |
Contributes to Hematopoiesis | Stem cell |
Ischemia | Temporary or diminished supply of blood to the tissues |
Deep Vein Thrombosis | Begionning stages to a pulmonary embolisum |
Lymph | Clear interstitial tissue fluid that bathes the cells. Lymph contains lymphocytes which provide immune response; returns plasma proteins that leak thru capillary walls,fat from gastrointsetinal to bloodstream |
Subclavian veins | Both lymph ducts empty lymph fluid here |
To encourage lymphatic flow in the foot | Stimulate the plantar plexus |
Spleen | Stores lymphocytes and blood |
Mononucleosis | Contagious |
Specific immunity | No longer suscptible- measles/chicken pox as a child, never to return |
Antibodies | Serum proteins of the immunoglbulin class that are secreted by plasma cells |
Arterioles | the smallest arteries |
Arteriosclerosis | a term meaning hardening of the arteries that have become brittle and have lost there elastisity |
Artery | A blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood from heart to the body or deoxygenate blood from the heart to the lungs |
Atherosclerosis | A condition in which fatty plaque is deposited in medum and large arteries |
Atrium | One of the two small thin walled upper chambers of the heart; the right and left atria are sparated by a thin interatrial septum |
Blood | A thick, red fluid that provides oxygen,nourishment,and protection to the cells and carries away waste products. Whole blood consists of two components:cellular elements&liquid plasma. A form of connective tissue. |
Blood Pressure | The mesurement of pressure exerted by the heart on the walls of the blood vessels. Blood forced into the aorta during systole sets up a pressure wave that travels down the arteries.The wave expands the arterial wall-pulpate press artery=pulse rate |
Systolic | High pressure-ventricals are contracted |
Diastolic | Lowest pressure-ventricals are at rest |
Capillary | One of the smallest vessels found between the arteries and veins that allow the exchange of gases,nutrients and waste. Thin walls-allows molecules to diffuse easy |
Coronary Arteries | Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself;locatedin groves between the atria and ventricals and between the 2 ventricals |
Dermatitis | Acute or chronic skin inflamation characterised by redness, eruptions,edems,scaling,and itching. 3 Types-1)Atopic 2)Seborreheic 3)Contact dermatitis. |
Eczema | form of dermatitis |
Heart | Mediastinum of thoracic cavity |
Myocardium | Heart muscle |
Endocardium | thin inner lining - heart |
Epicardium | outer membrane - heart |
Heart Valves | 4 sets of valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart |
Hemorrhage | The passage of blood outside of the cardiovascular system |
Immunity | Resistant to desease- functional system - key is the ability to distinguish self from nonself |
Lymphocytes | important immune cell- prevents bacteria ans viruses from gaining access to the bloodstream. |
Macrophanges | important immune cell |
Integument | The skin and its appendages: hair,sebaceous,and sweat glands,nails and breasts. |
Lymph Nodes | Small,round along a network of lymph vessels that provide filtering for waste removal & transferring them to bloodstream- cleans spleen,intestines,kidneys. Produce lymphocytes. Located near joint movement to assist in pumping- |
Pericardium | Dbl. membranious, serous sac surrounding the heart. It secretes a lubricating fluid to prevent frictionfrom the movement of the heart |
Plasma | A thick, straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55% of the blood |
Standard Precautions | Est.Center for Diesese Control and Prevention-prevent bacterial and viral infections by setting up specfic methods of dealing with human fluids and waste. Protection from pathogens |
Tumors | Neoplasm, new growth |
Benign | Nonthreatening |
Malignant | Cancerous |
Venules | smallest veins |
Veins | Blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and send it back to the heart. 75% of the blood in the body is in the venous system. Lg veins often contain a set of valves that ensure that blood flows in the correctly to the heart&prevents backflow |
Ventricles | 2 lg lower chambers of the heart- thick walled and separated by a thick interventricar septum |
Keratin | fibrous protein that protects our skin and makes it waterproof |
Skin color | pigment= melanin, carotene, hemoglobin |
Stratum Corneum | outer most layer of the epidermis- 20 to 30 layers of kertin-filled, dead cells that continuously shed and are repalced from the layer below |
Root hair plexus | Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved. |
Sweat Glands-Sudoriferous Glands | Eccrine: raises moisture in the skin (activities)-cool body temp. & elimate waste. 99% water. Apocrine gland- smell, thicker |
Sebaceous Glands | Oil(Sebum) gland-Connected to hair folicles by small ducts. Prevents dehydration, soften the skin and hair,slows growth of bacteria |
Mammary Glands | Modified apocrine sweat gland.Men nonfunctional.During lactation glandular alveoli produce milk which collects in lobes and passes through lactiferous ducts to the nipple |
Eccrine | raises moisture in the skin (activities)-cool body temp. & elimate waste. 99% water. |
Ceruminous Glands | Modified apocrine glands found in the external ear canal. Sticky-prevents foreign material and insects from entering Cerumen=Earwax |
Alpecia | Hair loss or baldness |
Vitiligo | loss of pigmentation in irregular patches |
Scleroderma | autoimmune disorder of connective tissue-overproduction of collegen and inflamation. |
Lipoma | Benign tumor formed from mature fat cells.-soft,movable-trunk,foroearm,neck |
Seborrheic Keratosis | Raised skin leasions-chest,back,neck,face-Benign- |
Candidiasis | infection of the skin or mucus membrane-caused by candida albicans(diper rash)= fungal--red,scaly-breasts,finger,toes,groin,axsillae-occur in ear,vagina and mouth-thrush |
Psoriasis | Chronic skin condition-red,dry,silvery scales- scalp,elbows,knees,back,buttocks |
Atrioventrical | Valves that allow blood to flow into ventricals BUT keep it from returning to the atria |
Mitral-Bicuspid (Left Artioventrical) | Valve located between the Left atrium and the Left ventrical |
Tricuspid (Right Artioventrical) | Valve located between the Right atrium and the Right Ventrical |
Semilunar | Valves control bloodflow out of the ventricals (into the aorta & pulmonary arteries)& prevent backflow of blood into the ventricals. These valves open in response to pressure when blood leaves the ventricals-close when blood pools near valve &closes valve |
Aortic | Valve between the Left ventrical and aorta |
Pulmonary | Valve between the pulmonary artery and the Right ventrical |
Superior vena cava | The vein that returns poorly oxygenated blood to the right atrium from the upper venous circulation |
Aorta | From the heart to the body- artery that carries oxygen and nutrients away from the heart to the body |
Inferior vena cava | Vein returns oxygen-poor blood from the lower venous circulation to the right atrium |
Pulminary veins | 4 Veins- 2 from ea.lung- that bring oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium Only vein that carries oxygen-rich blood |
Entrainment | is the coordination or synchronization to a rhythum - heart or other body rhythums |
Blood volume and flow | Cardiac output amt of blood pumped by LEFT ventrical in one minute= average 5-6L Blood flows fastest in the arteries and moderate in the veins, slowest capillaries.During exercise, oxygen is needed- 20L |
Blood flow through the heart- Stage One | Oxygen poor blood from the body enters the SUPERIOR and INFERIOR VENA CAVA and flows to the - RIGHT ATRIUM (it fills) The full right atrium empties through the tricuspid valve into the RIGHT VENTRICAL |
Blood flow through the heart - Stage Two | full RIGHT VENTRICAL-contracts and pushes to pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery(divides)which sends blood to each lung-blood becomes oxygen rich-moves to-4 pulmonary VEINS to LEFT ATRIUM |
Blood flow through the heart- Stage Three | Blood leaves LEFT ATRIUM to LEFT VENTRICAL- fills- thru the aorta valve into the aorta and decending aorta to all parts of the body (not lungs) |
Mitral valve | the valve between the left atrium and left ventrical |
Dorsalis Pedis Pulse | located at the ankle |
Tachycardia | Resting heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute |
Bradycardia | heart rate less than 50-60 beats per minute |
Baroreceptors | Nerve center in the cardiovascular system. Transmit signals about sudden changes in bp. |
Basilar Artery | one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. The 2 vertral arteries become the basilar artery |
Axillary Artery | Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the clavical |
Mesentric Artery | Branch of the abdominal artery that supplies blood to the rectum |
Celiac (trunk) Artery | Branch of the abdominal artery- supplies the stomach,spleen,and liver (via the gastric,splenic and hepatic artery |
Fermoral Artery | Superficial at the femoral triangle and decends to the posterior adductors |
Jugular | Superficial Vein/external (right and left)- drains blood from face,neck and head -empties into the subclavian vein. Deep/internal- drainage from brain to subclavian vein |
Portal vein | empties into the liver |
Heptic veins | Branch of the inferior vena cava from the liver |
Renal veins | Branch of tBranch of the inferior vena cavahe inferior vena cava from the kidneys |
Iliac veins | Branch of the inferior vena cava from the continuation of the femoral veins (2) |
Azygos system | Lies on the posterior body wall and drains the intercostal veins- empties into the superior vena cava |
Brachiocephalic vein | 2 veins that stem from the jugular vein to become the superior vena cava |
Erythrocytes | an iron-protein compound known as hemoglobin |
Monocyte | Largest of the white blood cells but only account for 6% of the total number- unique because they leave the blood and enter the tissues |
Thrombocytes | Also called platelets- smallest cellular elements of the blood- important in clotting ans are manufactures in the bone marrow |
Aneurysm | Permenant diloation of a vessel due to weakness or damage |
Embolus | Plug in the blood stream that may be a clot, plaque, air, gas, fat, tumor cells, tissue, clumps of bacteria |
Ishemia | temporary deficiency or disminished supply of blood to the tissue |
Hemophilia | Bleeding disorder. VIII (vital clotting factor in blood) is diminshed or lacking. Inherited disease |
Arrhythmia | Heart rate may be partially or completely irregular=fast or slow |
Angina Pectoris | Chest pain from lack of oxygen supplie to heart. |
Fibrin | a special protein that forms and seals the damage blood vessels by trapping red blood cells, platelets and fluid to form clots |
Mesenteric Artery | Supplies the small intestent part of the pancreas and half of the colon |
Cisterna chyli | Lower end of thoracic duct (lymph) |
Peyers Patches | are diffuse lymphoid tissue They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, they differentiate the ileum from the duodenum/jejunum in that the number increase further down the intestine |
Hodgkins | Painless swelling of the lymph nodes caused by enlarged, mutated macrophanges- usually in the neck and groin |
Mononucleosis | Contagious viral infection. Affects the lymphocytes causing an increased number and change in structure. |
Leukemia | Cancer of the white blood cells, abnormal cells at a faster rate with a long life span. |
Lymphedema | Increase in tissue fluid caused by inflammation of obstruction from scar tissue, parasites or trama. |
Lymphomata | A tumor in the lymphatic system |
Non Hodgkin primaril and secondary system | cancer of the lymphoid tissue. A grouping of diverse lymphomata that may manifest differently |
Nonspecific immune responce | the body responds exactly the same way to all substances that are not identified as part of the body |
Phagocytosis | engulfing bacteria in a cell-eating process |