the description of the Earth's surface and the people and processes that shape its landscapes
Geography
is bound by the physical Earth itself and extends down to the building level scale
Greeks
wrote about the Earth being round and established mathematical principles
Greeks
established three primary continents in the world
Three Primary Continents
Europe, Asia, Libya(Africa)
Greek Philosophers
Anaximander, Plato and Aristotle, Erastosthenes
Anaximander
first person credited with making a map of the known world at that time
Anaximander's Map
was the first scale map of the world. was made from information received from sailors accounts.
Innacuracy of Anaximander's Map
considering the small scale portion, due to lack of available information
Aristotle and Plato
furthered the beleif that the Earth was round
Erastosthenes
credited with first using the term geography to describe this new area of scientific theory
Erastosthenes
using two points on the Earth's surface he measured the circumference of the Earth
Romans
maps became moree symbols of art and decoration rather than mathematical representations of the Earth's surface
Roman Philosopher
Ptolemy
Ptolemy
wrote geographica (Guide to Geography)
Geographica
gave very detaied descriptions of cities and peoples of the Earth
Medieval Period - Europe
was caught in the dark ages
Medieval Period - Islamic World
it extended from Northern Africa to India. continued to build upon the foundations the Greeks had laid.
Islamic Philosopher
Al-Idrisi
Al-Idrisi
constructed a world map that incorporated expanding geographic knowledge on a worlwide scale
China
was the center of the world in both science and development.
China
Middle Kingdoms
Europe's Opportunity
china's isolation which prevented the possibility of further geographical exploration. Allowing Euope to colonize other countries.
Chinese Cartographer
Phei Hsiu
Phei Hsiu
produced the first map of china
Chinese Explorer
Zheng He
Zheng He
might have traveled to the coast of Alaska or Russia. After his voyages China shut off its borders to the ouside world
The Age of Exploration
Europe became the forefront of geography.
Marco Polo
helped Europe take serious notice of the outside world
European Cartographer
Gerardus Mercator
Gerardus Mercator
the first to produce a world map, that showed with relative accuracy, the general outline of the continents
The Modern Period
had two schools of thought founded and two societies
Royal Geographic Society
founded in London
National Geographic Society
founded in America
Two New Schools of Thought
enviornmental determinism and possibilist
Environmental Determinism
proposes that cultures are a direct result of where they exist
Environmental Determinism
led by Carl Ritter, Ellen Semple, and Elsworth Huntington
Environmental Determinsm
warmer climates tend to cause inhabitants to have a more relaxed attitude torward work and progress
Environmental Determinism
led to beleive that Europeans and those from a more temperate climate were motivated, intelligent, and more culturally advanced than those from warmer climates
Environmental Determinism
is incorrect.
Environmental Determinism
school of thought attacked as being prejudicial
Possibilist
suggests that humans are not a product of their environment but process the skills to modify their environment to fit human needs
Possibilist
approach in which people can determine their outcomes
Today and Beyond
geography is dominated by three technologies = GPS, GIS, and Aerial photgraphy
GPS
Global Positioning Systems
GIS
Geographic Information Systems
Aerial Photography
allows geographers to see land use changing over time by comparing pictures of places from years past to the present
Global Positioning System
satellite based system that allows us to determine the absolute location of places or geographic features with extreme accuracy with the use of longitude and latitude lines. Allows researchers to collect data quickly
Geographic Information Systems
computer hardware and software which allows us to compile and compare data and creates maps where patterns and processes are superimposed
Science Vocab 147928
