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History/Basics Psych
AP Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aristotle | Thought intelligence - heart |
| Descartes | Founder - modern philosophy (concept of dualism) |
| John Locke | Created idea of tabula rasa |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Father of psych - wanted separation of psych from other sciences. First psych lab - Germany. Studied psychophysics. |
| Stanley Hall | Took psych to America - founded American Psych Association |
| Titchener | Started structuralism - components of consciousness |
| William James | Started functionalism - purpose of consciousness (no components - consciousness is a "stream") |
| Watson / Skinner | Studied behaviorism - no scientific method b/c consciousness is not provable (bell-drool / stimulus-response) |
| Freud | Studied the unconscious and how it affects behavior |
| Dualism | Idea that mind and body are separate entities |
| Tabula rasa | Humans born without any knowledge: all learned with experience / sensory perception |
| Psychophysics | Focuses on people's awareness of immediate experience |
| Structuralism | Identifying / examining fundamental components of conscious experience |
| Introspection | Careful observation of one's own conscious experience |
| Functionalism | Psych should only investigate purpose of consciousness |
| Natural selection | Characteristics that give species survival advantage will be selected over time |
| Behavioral | Psych can and should only study observable behavior |
| Gestalt | Means "whole." Study of perception |
| Phi phenomenon | Illusion of movement with visual stimuli in quick succession |
| Unconscious | Thoughts, memories, feelings below consciousness that affect behavior |
| Psychoanalytical | Tries to explain personality, motivation, disorders by focusing on unconscious (especially during childhood) (resisted because people couldn't control consciousness) |
| Humanistic | Psychoanalytical + behaviorism. Emphasized unique qualities of humans for freedom / growth (optimistic). Different than animals. |
| Ethnocentrism | Idea that one's group is more superior to others - basis for judging others' ways |
| Evolutionary | Natural selection. Males better at spatial / visual tasks EXCEPT memory for locations. Critics: not provable. |
| Cognitive | Human behavior not able to be explained without examining how we acquire, store, and process info. Mind + body reciprocally influence e/o |
| Biological | Behavior can be explained in terms of body structure / biochemical processes that underlie behavior |
| Skinner | Studied behaviorism - repetition of responses if they lead to a positive outcome (studied animals). Said free will was illusion |
| Applied psych | Concerned with everyday / practical problems. (School of psych, counseling psych, Industry / Organizational psych) |
| Clinical psych | Concerned with treatment / diagnosis of psych disorders |
| Empiricism | Knowledge should be acquired through direct observation |
| Behavior | Any overt response /activity by organism |
| Critical thinking | Use of cognitive skills to increase probability of required outcome |
| Industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology | Branch of psych - application of psych in the work place |
| Psychiatrists | Physicians specializing in treatment / diagnosis of psych disorders |
| Social psych | Branch of psych - way individuals' thoughts / feelings / behaviors influenced by other people |
| Theory | System of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations |
| Personality | Studies the differences among people in such traits as self esteem |
| Physiological | Investigate the extent to which behavior is caused by physical and chemical processes |
| Psychometrics | Develops psych tests |
| Psych Education | Develops psych curriculum |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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