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Spine Anatomy
Lymphatics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of the lymphatic system? *hint 5 things | 1) absorbs excess fluid2) returns substances to blood circulation3) regulates fluid vol & pressure in tissue4) helps transport lymphocytes & hormones5) carries food components (fatty acids) |
| The lymphatic system is a low or high pressure system? | low |
| What % of the lymph system is superficial? | 70% |
| What type of touch does the lymphatic system respond to? *hint light or hard | light (skin stretch) |
| What color is lymph? | primarily clear liquid (thick) |
| The lymph system can regain trapped toxins, proteins, and fats? true or false | true |
| What are some characteristics of the venous system? name 5 | 1) high volume2) %60 is deep to fascialsystem 3) responds to deep touch4) primarily RBCs5) usually cannot regain trapped proteins |
| What % of TBW does water represent? | 60% |
| Intracellular compartments make up what % of TBW? | 40% |
| Extracellular compartments make up what % of TBW? | 20% |
| What makes up %15 of the extracellular compartment? | lymph and interstitial fluid |
| What makes up %5 of the extracellular compartment? | plasma of the RBC circulation |
| The lymphatic system is present everywhere except where there is no blood vascularization, like? *hint 3 places | 1) epithelial tissue, 2) cartilaginous tissue, 3) cornea and the lens of the eye |
| Areas that don't have a lymphatic system but are drained indirectly are? *hint 3 things | 1) placenta 2) labyrinth of the inner ear 3) most structures of the CNS;except dura mater, pia mater, pituitary capsule |
| Lymp is made up of 6 main things.. name them! | 1) water makes up 96%2) colloids3) proteins4) fat5) cells6) other substances |
| What are colloids? | vitamins, minerals, ions |
| What are some components of fat? | free fatty acids, lipoproteins |
| What pecentage of cells are in the lymph? *hint 3 things | 1) 85% lymphocytes 2) 13 - 15% macrophages and other immune cells 3)2% other cells |
| What are the 6 structures of the lymphatic system? | 1) pre-lymphatic pathways2) lymphatic capillaries3) precollectors4) collectors5) lymphatic ducts and trunks6) lymph nodes |
| These are not considered lymphatic vessels, facilitate drainage, and are unorganized with no endothelial lining | pre-lymphatic pathways |
| This has anchoring filaments, single layer of flat cells, and form a tight 'spider net' covering most of the body's organs, and lymph becomes liquid here | lymphatic capillaries |
| These are lines between territories,where the lymph divides into twoopposite directions, and where there is a specific network of vessels or minute "anastomoses" between lymph vessels | watersheds |
| These are main transporting vessels of the lymphatic system and containlymphagions | collectors |
| The thoracic duct, cisterna chyli, and (R) lymphatic duct are all apart of what? | lyphatic vessels |
| Lymphatic mm units contract at rate of... | 10cm/min |
| _____L/day is pumped through the thoracic duct. | 1.5-3L/day |
| What nervous system controls the spiral mm producing peristaltic waves of contractions in the lymphatic system? | Autonomic |
| What is an example of an active lymphatic pump? | lymphangions |
| Name 7 things that could be considered passive lymphatic pumps! | 1) respiration 2) skeletal muscle contraction 3) peristalsis of the smooth mm 4) contraction of adjacent arteries 5) active or passive mobility of limbs 6) external compression 7) indirect factors (anchoring filaments and valves) |
| Passive exchange of fluids in a continuous blood capillary without protein leakage and without active transfer... what is this describing? | Starlings equilibrium |
| Where is hydrostatic pressure in relation to the cell? | inside |
| Where is colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure in relation to the cell? | outside |
| What are the two types of edema? | 1) lymphodynamic 2) lymphostatic |
| This edema is temporary, has low protein content, and functionally insufficient.. which one is it? | lymphodynamic |
| This edema is chronic, usually high protein content, hyaluronic acid content, insufficient/damaged lymphatic system and mechanically insufficient.. which one is it? | lymphostatic |
| Name 3 causes of primary lymphedema! | 1) underdevelopement at birth [10-15%] 2) not developed at adolescence [75 - 80%] 3) overstretched/incompetent by age 35 [10%] |
| When does secondary lymphedema occur? | usually after prior damage to lymphatic system |
| What are some contraindications for MLD? *hint 6 things | 1) acute infection 2) serious circulatory problems 3) major cardiac problems 4) hemorrage 5) acute anuresis 6) active cancer |
| What are some precautions? *hint 8 things | 1) lymphedema 2) thyroid problems 3) burns 4) HIV 5) pregnancy 6) chronic infection/inflammation 7) chemotherapy 8) orthostatic hypotension |
Created by:
txst spr 2009
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