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WH: Chapter 1
The World Before Modern Times: Pre-History-AD 1500
Term | Definition |
---|---|
civilization | the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced |
monotheism | the belief in one God, rather than many |
Medieval | of or relating to the Middle Ages; the period of European history from about A.D. 500 to about 1500; too old to be useful or acceptable |
Mandate of Heaven | claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and keep order in the universe |
oligarchy | "the rule of the few"; a form of government in which a select group of people exercises control |
democratic | when people are governed by the "rule of many," or by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives |
republic | a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote |
culture | the way of life a people follow |
cycle | a series of events than recur regularly and usually lead back to the starting point |
classcial | authoritative, traditional; relating to the literature, art, architecture, and ideals of the ancient Greek and Roman world |
lineage group | an extended family unit within a larger community |
landed aristrocrats | an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another |
sultanate | a state whose military and political power is held by the sultan |
feudalism | political and social order that developed during the Middle Ages when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service |
Crusades | military expeditions carried out by European Christians in the Middle Ages to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims |
prosper | to succeed in an activity; to have economic success |
traditional | established; customary |
revival | renewed attention to, or interest in, something |