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PsychSciMethod
Key Terms and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AIM | WHAT THE EXERIMENT WANTS TO FIND OUT e.g. 'to investigate student absences on test days, |
| HYPOTHESIS | A STATEMENT OUTLINING WHAT THE EXPERIMENTER EXPECTS TO FIND e.g , the rate of student absences increases on test days' |
| OBJECTIVE | SIMILAR TO THE AIM - WHAT THE POINT OF THE EXPERIMENT IS/WHAT THE EXPERIMENTER WANTS TO FIND OUT OR THE PROBLEM THEY WANT TO SOLVE |
| QUANTITATIVE DATA | THE KIND OF DATA YOU WHICH IS MEASURABLE - HOW MUCH, HOW MANY, HOW BIG ETC. |
| QUALITATIVE DATA | THE KIND OF DATA YOU CANNOT MEASURE IN NUMBERS. IT USUALLY COMES IN THE FORM OF EMOTIONAL RESPONSES, DESCRIPTIONS AND PICTURES |
| DEPENDENT VARIABLE | THE VARIABLE THAT THE EXPERIMENTER MEASURES |
| INDEPENDENT VARIABLE | THE VARIABLE THAT THE EXPERIMENTER CONTROLS OR CHANGES; IT IS ASSUMED TO HAVE A DIRECT RESULT ON THE DV |
| SCIENTIFIC METHOD | CONTAINS A NUMBER OF STEPS THAT MOST RESEARCHERS GO THROUGH IN ORDER TO CARRY OUT THEIR RESEARCH |
| BIAS | HAVING A PARTICULAR VIEWPOINT OF SOMETHING THAT EXCLUDES OTHER VIEWS AND IS ONE SIDED |
| CREDIBILITY | BELIEVABLE AND WORTHY OF TRUST |
| REPLICABLE | ABLE TO BE REPEATED OR REPLICATED BY SOMEONE ELSE |
| MANIPULATES | CHANGES |
| CONTROL GROUP | A GROUP OF PARTICIPANTS WHO DO NOT RECEIVE THE EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT/IV CONDITION; A COMPARISON GROUP AGAINST THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP |
| EXPERIMENTAL GROUP | A GROUP OF PARTICIPANTS WHO EXPERIENCE AN EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT/IV CONDITION |
| CONTROLLED/LABORATORY EXPERIMENT | THE IV IS DELIBERATELY MANIPULATED AND THE DV MEASURED TO ESTABLISH WHETHER A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP IS PRESENT. THE CONDITIONS CAREFULLY CONTROLLED TO GET AN ACCURATE MEASURE. |
| FIELD EXPERIMENT | TAKES PLACE IN A REAL WORLD SETTING, RATHER THAN UNDER LAB CONDITIONS, SO PARTICIPANTS (WHO MAY OR MAY NOT KNOW THEY ARE PART OF AN EXPERIMENT) WILL ACT MORE NATURALLY. THE IV IS MANIPULATED AS IN A CONTROLLED/LAB EXPERIMENT |
| NATURAL EXPERIMENT | A HYPOTHESIS IS MADE BUT CONDITIONS DETERMINED BY NATURE. THE VARIABLES ARE NOT CONTROLLED BY THE EXPERIMENTER. INSTEAD, A NATURALLY OCCURRING IV IS USED. USED IN SITUATIONS WHERE MANIPULATING IV WOULD BE UNETHICAL OR IMPRACTICAL (children/animals) |
| CONFEDERATE | AN ACTOR WHO IS PART OF THE EXPERIMENT AND INSTRUCTED TO ACT IN A CERTAIN WAY |
| REPRESENTATIVE | TYPICAL OF THE GROUP THAT IS BEING STUDIED |
| SAMPLE | A SUBSET OF A POPULATION THAT IS USED TO REPRESENT THE TARGET POPULATION |
| SAMPLING | THE GATHERING OF A SAMPLE GROUP |
| TARGET POPULATION | THE GROUP THAT THE RESEARCH AIMS TO STUDY OR WHO THE RESEARCHERS WANT TO GENERALISE THEIR RESULTS TO |
| INTER-RATER RELIABILITY | A TECHNIQUE FOR ENSURING RELIABILITY BY USING TWO INDEPENDENT OBSERVERS AND COMPARING THEIR RESULTS |
| RELIABILITY | WHETHER OR NOT A MEASURE GIVES CONSISTENT RESULTS |
| TEST-RETEST | A TECHNIQUE FOR ENSURING RELIABILITY BY TESTING THE SAME GROUP OF PARTICIPANTS TWICE |
| VALIDITY | WHETHER OR NOT A STUDY IS ACTUALLY MEASURING |
| CONFOUNDING VARIABLES | EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES THAT ARE NOT CONTROLLED AND HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE DV |
| DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS | CUES GIVEN TO THE PARTICIPANT ABOUT HOW TO BEHAVE IN A STUDY |
| EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES | VARIABLES THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE EXPERIMENT THAT COULD HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE DV |
| HAWTHORNE EFFECT | WHEN A PARTICIPANT'S PERFORMANCE INCREASES BECAUSE THEY KNOW THEY ARE BEING WATCHED OR WHEN THEY REALISE THEY ARE PART OF AN EXPERIMENT |
Created by:
Barbarella
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