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Personality Ch. 18
Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anorexia | Eating disorder in which there is an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though such individuals are underweight, coupled with a denial of the implications of their current low body weight for their physical health and survival. |
| behavioral genetics | Scientific discipline that seeks to document the relative influences of heredity and environment on behavioral differences observed among individuals. It includes quantitative genetics (twin, adoption, and family studies) and molecular genetics. (DNA) |
| Big Five factors | Five major, broad dimensions of personality which have been derived largely from analyses of the language people use to describe themselves and others. |
| blogs | Regularly updated and personalized web pages that allow people to express themselves on a variety of topics and issues. |
| cyber loafing | Employees' non-work related use of company-provided e-mail, mobile cell phones and the Internet while working. |
| differential parental investment hypohtesis | From an evolutionary perspective, the conjecture that males and females will employ different mating strategies because of their differential investments in parenting. |
| DNA | Genetic material whose sequencing specifies how and when to build proteins, the essential constituents of all living cells. |
| evolutionary theory | A theory that seeks to understand the development of human behavioral tendencies by focusing primarily on our animal heritage. |
| grand theories of personality | Theories that cover a broad range of phenomena and seek to explain virtually all individual differences in behavior. |
| healthy dependence | A manifestation of dependence that occurs in some contexts but not others and in ways that are situationally appropriate. |
| Human Genome Project | An intern.l sci. effort to map all genes in the human body & to understand how and when genes at the DNA level code for sequences of amino acids...proteins that make our bodies. Hope to eliminate diseases and gain insights to human evolution & behavior. |
| immature religious orientations | The use of religion as a means to an end. People with such orientations use religion primarily for self-serving purposes which include the enhancement of their own comfort and status. |
| interactional temperament model | The theory that temperament (traits) and environment affect each other. |
| Internet addiction | Preoccupation w/ the Internet. Increasing amount of time spent on Internet. Repeated efforts to control Internet use which results in feelings of restlessness, irritability, or depression when unsuccessful. Persistent Internet use to escape from problems |
| life story techniques | Attempts to understand the lives of individuals by analyzing the life narratives they create to help them make sense of their lives, to give themselves a sense of identity, and a purpose and direction for their lives. |
| mature religious orientations | The use of religion as an end in itself. People w/ such orientations do not bargain with God or use God to satisfy their own selfish motives. Rather they embrace a set of religious beliefs & use them to organize & guide their lives. |
| multiculturalism | Perspective that values the diverse experiences that people develop & maintain based on their racial, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation, religious, & social class identities. |
| majority groups | The most dominant and powerful group in a society whose members typically enjoy more privilege and advantages than members of minority groups. |
| minority groups | Stigmatized groups of people who face negative stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination by members of the larger society because of their physical or cultural characteristics. |
| molecular genetics | The field of biology which studies the structure & functions of genes at a molecular level. Findings in this discipline may directly impact theorizing and research in personality psychology. |
| quantitative genetics | The study of the individual variations in traits through procedures that allow for the assessment of the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors. |
| self-cutting | Maladaptive technique in which indiv. cut themselves to experience short-term relief from strongly negative feelings, including anxiety, hostility, & anger. Often provides a temporary sense of control, converts emotional pain into physical pain. |
| temperament | Biologically based individual differences that influence children's unique behavioral styles and the ways in which they experience and react to the environment. |
Created by:
DavisWSU
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