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Resp. Conditioning 2
Resp. Conditioning 2 - PSYC 210 CH 16
| Acquisition | The initial learning of the conditioned response. The speed of acquisition is measured by the number of trials until the CS elicits a CR without the US (number of trials it takes to produce CR). |
| Habituation | When a US repeatedly elicits an UR and the response gradually decries in magnitude. eg. entering a noisy construction site and the "strength" of your "startle response" to loud noises across time |
| Respondent Extinction | Repeated presentation of the CS without the US. The CS will eventually lose its effects (UR will eventually go away, is extinguished) |
| Spontaneous Recovery | An increase in the conditioned response AFTER respondent extinction has occurred. The CR has been eliminated via extinction but the CR will again return when the CS is presented at a later time. eg. Easy button, salivation without food 20 min break |
| Overshadowing | CS1(faint) + CS2(loud tone) + US = CR CS1 ---No Response CS2 --- CR! CS2 overshadows CS1 because of its physical characteristic, CS1 unable to produce a CR even though initially paired together (subject has same amount of experience with stims). |
| Blocking | CS1(tone) +US ----- CR CS1(tone) + CS2(light) = CR CS1 ----- CR. CS2 ------No response! Compound established AFTER an ass'ion has been formed with one element of the compound. That CS blocks the ability of the other to form an ass'ion with 2nd stim. |
| Compensatory Responses | Responses that counteract the effects of the US, rather than responses similar to those elicited by the US. eg. resps that combat "getting drunk" |
| How can acquisition be facilitated by the magnitude of the Unconditioned Stimulus (US)? | It is facilitated by properties of the US. The greater the magnitude of the US, the faster the acquisition. |
| Taxonomy of Respondent Conditioning using "Medical Treatment" and "Alcohol" Examples | Medical Treatment: Waiting Room (NS) + Chemotheraphy (US) to produce CR of nausea and vomiting. Alcohol: When you wake up hungover, the smell of tequila now makes you feel nauseous. |
| Extinction as an Operation | The operation involves presenting the CS without the US, after conditioning has already occurred. |
| Extinction as a Process | The process refers to the decline in the strength of the CR, which gradually decreases. |
| Conditioned Suppression | Learned reduction in responding. The subject anticipates the aversive stimulus and earns to stop responding in expectation of the av. stim. Org has learned what CS signals, responding dec's in its presence. a/a+b (a=resp during CS, b=resp w/out CS) |
| Second-Order Conditioning | Conditioning where at least two or more CSs are established. Typically occurs when we have already established one CS, and another stimulus is paired with the already established CS. CS=bee, Bee(cs) + flowers...CS2, CS2+dirt...CS3.....etc |
| How can drug use and abuse be described in terms of respondent conditioning? | The CONTEXT in which indivs consume drug has huge impact on effects of the drug. Drug (US) + injection(NS now CS), the CR (high) becomes smaller and acts in direction opp. of the drug. |
| Findings of Siegel et al. (1982) | Three groups of rats studied. 2 received heroin every other day, 30 days. On nodrug days, injected with sugar water to reduce the association that shot/inj = drug/high. Injections in colony or white noise room. Death Control, Diff Room, Same Room x2Dose |
| First-Order Conditioning | Involves one NS becoming a CS after repeated pairings with an US. |
| Stimulus Combination or Stimulus Compound | Refers to the respondent conditioning procedures with multiple CSs. Two such procedures are overshadowing and blocking. |
| Tolerance | Decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of successive administrations. eg. the experienced opiate drug user can survive greater dose than a novice user. |
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Yourdanos
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