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Personality Ch. 6
Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology (Erikson) Ryckman 10e
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agentic style | Highly productive and creative middle-aged adults who contribute indirectly to successive generations through their work. They do not, however, show much direct concern for the welfare of the young people in their immediate surroundings. |
| automomy | Sense of independence that individuals experience if they successfully resolve conflicts during the second stage of life. |
| basic mistrust | Belief that others cannot be trusted; it results from the mother's failure to act in a consistent and affectionate manner toward her infant. |
| basic trust | Belief that others are reliable; it stems from the receipt of consistent and affectionate treatment by mothers during the first stage of development. |
| bicultural identity | A sense of identity in which minority group members are characterized by positive attitudes toward their own ethnic group and toward the majority group. Such an integrative identity is associated with high levels of mental health. |
| care | Virtue in healthy middle-aged people that leads them to feel a concern for the welfare of the younger generation. |
| communal style | Middle-aged adults who neglect their own personal development as they indiscriminately sacrifice themselves for the younger generation |
| competence | Strength in healthy children involving the ability to make things and complete tasks. |
| conventional style | Middle-aged adults who contribute to society & to successive gen. through their creative work. However, their concern for dev. of the younger gen. is selective bc they seek to guide and nurture only those yng people who mirror their values & goals. |
| crisis | Turning point in individual development in which conflicts can be resolved positively, thereby strengthening the ego, or negatively, thereby weakening it. |
| despair | Negative outcome in the last stage of life for indiv. who have been unable to resolve their conflicts constructively; it includes the fear of death and the belief that their lives have been failures & that they are unable to rectify the situation. |
| ego integrity | Feeling by the elderly that, on the balance, their lives have had positive meaning and have been worth living. |
| ego psychology | Theory that the ego is not always controlled by id impulses, but often functions independently of these urges, thereby providing the indiv. with an opportunity for creative action and positive growth |
| enmeshment | Fusion with another person, in which one;s own sense of self and identity is lost. |
| epigenetic principle | Principle that there is a genetically determined sequence to human growth and that each stage in the sequence unfolds in an invariant order. |
| ethnic identity | A sense of belonging and commitment to a group because the individual shares a common heritage, knowledge, attitudes, and values with other members. |
| fidelity | Sense of loyalty and commitment to friends and coworkers and to a value system; fidelity results from the positive resolution of conflicts during adolescence. |
| foreclosure | Identity status within adolescent in which individuals who have never experienced a crisis concerning their goals have nevertheless made firm commitments concerning them. |
| generative style | Middle -aged adults who contribute to their society & to the dev. of the yngr generation through their sustained productive & creative wk. They are concerned w/ fostering the personal growth of all youth, not just those with similar outlooks & values. |
| generativity | In middle-aged adults, the sustained effort to develop into creative & productive human beings who use their skills & knowledge to help dev. & maintain societal institutions w/o which successive gen. would be unable to survive. Guide & Nurture |
| grand-generativity | Individuals in old age who continue to develop their talents & to contribute to indiv. of all ages. In these relationships, they seek to integrate outward-looking care for others w/ inward concern for teh self & its development. |
| guilt | Feeling of wrongdoing experienced by youngsters when they show inappropriate behavior and are punished for it. |
| identity | Multifaceted concept that involves knowing who you are and where you are going, as well as what you are not and do not want to be the unified sense of self as uniquely different from others. |
| identity achievement | Identity status within adolescence in which indiv. have undergone a period of crisis and, as a result, have developed firm commitments concerning their life goals. |
| identity crisis | A developmental turning point, associated primarily w/ adolescence, in which basic choices need to be made by the person in various life areas. For ex., primary decisions and commitments need to be made about a career, a mate, and an ideology to live by |
| identity diffusion | Identity status within adolescence in which indiv. are not actively in crisis about their life goals and have not made any any commitments concerning them. |
| industry | Sense of satisfaction that accrues to children as a result of being actively engaged in learning new skills and completing tasks. |
| inferiority | Negative outcome of the fourth stage of development; in this state, children feel that they are incompetent failures. |
| initiative | Feeling that one has control over one's outcomes and can therefore be the source of ideas and action. |
| intimacy | Ability of people with mature egos to become one with their partners without losing their separate sense of identity. |
| intimate individuals | Individuals whose relationships are characterized by depth and commitment. |
| isolated individuals | Individuals who have withdrawn from social relationships. |
| Isolation | Inability to take chances with one's identity by sharing true intimacy. |
| love | Ability to trust and share one's experiences and identity with a partner so that both parties are enhanced. |
| merger individuals | People who have lost their sense of identity and who live through their partners |
| moratorium | Time of exploration during adolescence in which individuals are experiencing a crisis concerning their life goals and are actively considering alternatives in an attempt o arrive at decisions. |
| negative identity | Commitment to values and roles that are unacceptable to society. |
| preintimate individuals | individuals who have deep relationships, but are reluctant to commit themselves to enduring relationships. |
| pseudointimate individuals | People who have enduring relationships, but whose relationships lack depth |
| psychohistorical analysis | Erikson's technique for analyzing the lives of historical figures on the basis of his theory of ego development. |
| purpose | Virtue that emerges when parents guide their children into socially desirable activities and, as a result, the children set (in a preliminary fashion) life goals |
| role confusion | State in adolescence in which young people cannot decide on their proper life roles. |
| shame and doubt | Negative state in which youngsters feel unable to make their own judgments or to exercise control over their lives, as a result of faulty parenting in the anal stage. |
| stagnant style | Middle-aged adults who make little or no effort to develop their skills or to nurture the younger generation. They are bored, apathetic, and dissatisfied with themselves and do not contribute much either to society or to the younger generation. |
| stagnation | Feeling of being unproductive and useless that stems from an inability to care for something or someone. |
| stereotyped individuals | Individuals whose relationships are shallow and exploitative. |
| totalism | Premature, unquestioning commitment by adolescents to simplistic ideologies and ideas as a means of reducing their own painful feelings of confusion. |
| virtue | Strengthening of the ego that emerges following the successful resolution of a crisis associated with one of the developmental stages. |
| will | Virtue that involves youngsters' determination to exercise free choice in making decisions and not be controlled by others. |
| wisdom | Virtue that emerges following successful resolution of the crisis of old age; the ability to put on'es life experiences into a life-cycle perspective, to accept that one's life, in general, had unity and meaning and that it was worth living. |
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DavisWSU
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