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MGH 5 (6)
Force and Motion
Term | Definition |
---|---|
reference point | the starting point you choose to describe the location or position of an object |
position | describes an object’s distance and direction from a reference point. |
displacwement | the difference between the initial , or starting point and its final position. |
motion | the process of changing position |
speed | the distance an object moves in a unit of time. |
velocity | the speed and direction of a moving object |
acceleration | a measure of how quickly the velocity of an object changes. |
distance -time graph | a graph that shows how distance and time are related |
speed-time graph | shows the speed of an object on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. |
contact force | a push or a pull one object applies to another object that is touching it. |
noncontact force | a force that one object applies to another object without touching. |
friction | a contact force that resists the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching. |
air resistance | the frictional force between air and the objects moving through it. |
Newton's First Law of Motion | states that if the net force acting on an object is zero, the motion of the object does not change. |
Newton's Second Law of Motion | states that acceleration of an object is equal to the net force exerted on the object divided by the object’s mass. |
Newton's Third Law of Motion | states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
energy | the ability to cause change |
kinetic energy | the energy of motion |
potential energy | stored energy due to the interactions between objects or particles. |
work | the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance. |
mechanical energy | the total energy of an object or group of objects due to large-scale motions and interactions. |
sound energy | the energy due to sound. |
thermal energy | energy due to the motion of particles that make up an object. |
electrical energy | energy that an electric current carries. |
radiant/light energy | energy that electromagnetic waves carry. |
nuclear energy | -energy that is stored in the nucleus of the atom. |