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Question | Answer |
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What is the mechanism of polyuria in dogs with hepatic encephalopathy (HE)? | It is believed to be due to a hypercortisolemia that is caused by a inhibition of ACTH release from the pituitary gland. It is thought that a cortisol-induced partial inhibition of renal tubular response to vasopressin and thus PU is seen. |
Proposed theories for the development of HE? | 1) Toxic metabolites from gastrointestinal bacteria were not removed from portal circulation by the liver. 2) Failure of diseased liver to synthesize factors that are necessary for normal brain function. |
T or F - The brain is devoid of an effective urea cycle? | True - the brain has no Urea cycle to handle any excess urea in the blood |
Name a few Toxic gut metabolites that are responsible for HE? | Ammonia (NH3), Mercaptan (thiols), Short-chain fatty acids, aromatic amino acids, false neurotransmitters, tryptophan, GABA Agonists, Endogenous benzodiazepines |