Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Science Study Guide
Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth's Tilt | 23 1/2 degrees The tilt causes seasons to occur |
| Perihelion | When earth is closest to the sun. |
| Aphelion | When earth is farthest from the sun. |
| Elliptical Orbit | All planets move in this orbit, with the sun at the focus. The shape of earth's orbit. |
| Earth's Revolution | Term for the earth orbiting or circling the sun. Makes one revolution in 365.24 days. Is elliptical. |
| Earth's Rotation | Term for spinning. It takes 24 hours for 1 full rotation. It gives us day and night. Rotates on an imaginary axis. |
| Speed of Earth's Rotation | 1,000 mph |
| Satellite | The moon is considered a natural satellite. |
| The inner and outer planets named in order: | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| Light Year | The distance light takes to travel in a year. |
| Proxima Centauri | The closest star other than the sun. |
| Milky Way | A galaxy. Earth is part of it. |
| Andromeda | Closest other galaxy to earth. |
| Pangaea | Occurred 150,000,000 BP. It is a super continent. |
| Dates of the Ice Age | The most recent was 17,000 BP |
| Age of the Earth | 4.6 billion years old. |
| Chemistry | Study of properties of matter and how matter changes. |
| How are NEUTRONS found on the periodic table? | Round off the atomic mass to the nearest whole number, then subtract the atomic number. |
| How are ELECTRONS found on the periodic table? | The number of protons |
| How are PROTONS found on the periodic table? | Atomic number (balanced atom) |
| What is the CHARGE and MASS of NEUTRONS | Charge: 0 Mass: 1 |
| Earth's Tilt | 23 1/2 degrees The tilt causes seasons to occur |
| Perihelion | When earth is closest to the sun. |
| Aphelion | When earth is farthest from the sun. |
| Elliptical Orbit | All planets move in this orbit, with the sun at the focus. The shape of earth's orbit. |
| Earth's Revolution | Term for the earth orbiting or circling the sun. Makes one revolution in 365.24 days. Is elliptical. |
| Earth's Rotation | Term for spinning. It takes 24 hours for 1 full rotation. It gives us day and night. Rotates on an imaginary axis. |
| Speed of Earth's Rotation | 1,000 mph |
| Satellite | The moon is considered a natural satellite. |
| The inner and outer planets named in order: | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| Light Year | The distance light takes to travel in a year. |
| Proxima Centauri | The closest star other than the sun. |
| Milky Way | A galaxy. Earth is part of it. |
| Andromeda | Closest other galaxy to earth. |
| Pangaea | Occurred 150,000,000 BP. It is a super continent. |
| Dates of the Ice Age | The most recent was 17,000 BP |
| Age of the Earth | 4.6 billion years old. |
| Chemistry | Study of properties of matter and how matter changes. |
| How are NEUTRONS found on the periodic table? | Round off the atomic mass to the nearest whole number, then subtract the atomic number. |
| How are ELECTRONS found on the periodic table? | The number of protons |
| How are PROTONS found on the periodic table? | Atomic number (balanced atom) |
| What is the CHARGE and MASS of NEUTRONS? | Charge: 0 Mass: 1 |
| What is the CHARGE and MASS of ELECTRONS? | Charge: - Mass: ~0 |
| What is the CHARGE and MASS of PROTONS? | Charge: + Mass: 1 |
| Atomic Nucleus | The center region of an atom |
| Energy Levels | A part around the nucleus that holds electrons |
| Exothermic | A charge when energy is given off |
| Homogeneous Mixture | A mixture so evenly mixed that you can't see the different parts |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | A mixture where you can see the different parts |
| Mixtures | Made up of two or more substances, elements, but NOT chemically bonded |
| Compound | Two or more different atoms chemically combined to form a new substance |
| Physical Properties | Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured |
| Chemical Properties | A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms combine to form a new substance |
| Potential Energy | The energy that is stored for later use |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of a matter in motion |
| Grams | A metric unit of mass A S.I. Unit that measures mass |
| Meters | A S.I. Unit that measures length |
| Liters | S.I. Unit that measures volume |
| S.I. Units | The System of International Units Based on the power of 10 The standard system of measurements used by scientists around the world |
| Density | The mass of a material in a given volume |
| Volume | The amount of space that matter occupies |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. The simplest substances. |
| Substance | A single kind of matter that is pure |
| Evaporation | Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid |
| Condensation | The opposite of vaporization |
| Precipitation | A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction |
| Freezing | Reverse of melting When a liquid changes its state to become a solid |
| Polarity | They Hydrogen sides of water are positive and Oxygen is negative |
| Polar Bonds | The polar bond in a water molecule is the attraction of two positive hydrogens to the negative oxygen. |
| Formula of Water | H20 |
| Ground Water | Water found under the ground, on top of the impermeable sediment |
| Aquifers | Any underground layer of permeable rock or sediment that holds water. (Long Island's largest ares of groundwater) |
| Moraine | The till deposited at the bottom of a glacier forms large hills |
| Outwash Plains | The large sandy formations found downhill from moraines |
| Runoff | Water that moves over the earth's surface |
| Infiltration | When water goes into the soil |
| Percolation | When water flows through the soil |
| Streambed | The bottom of a river |
| Friction | The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another |
| Abrasion | The wearing away of rock due to its grinding action |
| Slope | The angle of incline that water flows down due to gravity |
| Erosion | The removal of rock particles by wind, water, ice |
| Deposition | The process where sediment is placed down |
| Gravity | A force that moves water and sediment downhill. |
| Sediment | Material that is made from pieces or soil and/or remains or plants and animals |
| Valley Glacier | A long, narrow glacier that covers up most of a continental or large island |
| Hemisphere | One half of the sphere that makes up Earth's surface |
| Prime Meridian | An imaginary line that makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole. It is at 0 degrees longitude. |
| Equator | It divides the Northern and Souther Hemisphere. It is at 0 degrees latitude. |
| Degrees | Used to measure distances around the Earth |
| Map | A flat model of part or all of the Earth's surface seen from above |
| Scale | It relates distance on a map to the Earth's distance |
| Symbols | Shapes and pictures that map makers use to represent features on the map |
| Landforms | A feature of topography formed by the process of the earth |
| Topography | The shape of the land |
| Key/Legend | List of all the symbols on a map and what they mean |
| Elevation | The highest above sea level of a point on earth |
| Contour Interval | The change in elevation from contour line to contour line |
| Longitude Lines | The distance in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian |
| Latitude Lines | The distance in degrees north or south of the equator |
| Contour Lines | Lines on a map that connect points of equal elevation |
| Index Contour | The fifth contour line that is usually darker than the others and are labeled in elevation |
| Plateau | A landform that has high elevation and a fairly level surface |
| Mountain | A landform with high elevation and high relief |
| Plain | A landform made up of nearly flat or gently rolling land with a low relief |
| Moon's Orbit | The moon's orbit around the earth takes the same amount of time as the moon's rotation. This makes the same side of the moon to always face the earth, causing the "Dark Side of the Moon." |
| Moon's Maria | Regions filled with dark volcanic rock called basalt. The basalt look like seas and are called Maria, the Latin word for "seas". |
| Moon's Craters | Because the moon has no atmosphere, meteorites are not burned up before they strike the surface. When they hit the surface, of the moon, craters are formed from the impact. |
| Describe: SUMMER | Begins June 21st Called the Summer Solstice. The earth's northern end of the axis points toward the sun. This causes the Northern Hemisphere to have more daylight than other times of the year. |
| Describe: FALL | Begins September 20th Called Autumnal Equinox. The earth's axis is straight up and down, causing both hemispheres get equal amounts of light. |
| Describe WINTER | Begins December 20th or 21st Called Winter Solstice. The earth's southern end of the axis is pointing toward the sun, causing the Northern Hemisphere to get the least amount of light than any other time. |
| Describe SPRING | Begins March 21st Called Vernal Equinox. The earth's axis is again straight up and down. This causes an equal amount of light to both hemispheres. |
| Crust | Outer most layer of the earth. Makes up the ocean bottom and the continents. |
| Mantle | The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust |
| Outer Core | A fluid layer composed of iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle |
| Inner Core | Contains iron and nickel. Center of the earth. |
| Subduction | The sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate. |
| Transform Boundary | Places where plates slide past each other are called |
| Sea Floor Spreading | is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. |
| Asthenosphere | the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur. |
| Lithosphere | The uppermost part of the mantle and crust |
| Accretion | The process where the earth was formed through gravity, causing matter to come together. |
| Rifts | A divergent boundary, where a valley or ridge is created |
| Conduction | Heat transfer within a material or between materials |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy through space |
| Convection | Heat transfer by the movement of fluids |
| Continental Glacier | A glacier that covers up most of a continent or large island |
Created by:
dfilippi
Popular Science sets