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World History

World History Review Guide Ch.25 & 29 New Imperialism in Africa

QuestionAnswer
African Nationalism - Who was involved/ What Happened? Movement to gain African independence
African Nationalism - When/Where? After WWI-Nelson Mandela
African Nationalism - Why/How did it happen? Africans after WWI were angry with their mistreatment, even after helping in the military for European powers
Berlin Conference - Who was involved/ What Happened? Britain, Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, and other countries went to a conference
Berlin Conference - When/Where? When Germany emerged as a power
Berlin Conference- Why/How did it happen? European countries wanted to settle conflicting claims for lands in East Africa
Boer War - Who was involved/ What Happened? Boers were wild farmers who were descendants of Dutch settlers. Britain was also involved
Boer War - When/Where? When Britain colonized, they clashed with the farmers.
Boer War- Why/How did it happen? Britain defeated the Boers in a series of battles. Eventually Britain would set up a government and rule the territory from afar.
Cecil Rhodes - Who was involved/ What Happened? He was the prime minister for Britain in the African colonies who had grand schemes to build infrastructure (railroads and telegraphs lines) in its colonies
Cecil Rhodes - When/Where? In the British colonies from Cairo, Egypt to Capetown, South Africa he did not see the Africans as human or at the same level as Europeans
Cecil Rhodes - Why/How did it happen? A political cartoon was drawn of him. He is shown trying to expand a telegram cable over Africa. Part of the Scramble for Africa.
Henry Stanley - Who was involved/ What Happened? A British explorer who was hired by King Leopold of Belgium to learn about and takeover the Congo
Henry Stanley - When/Where? The Congo & its river basin
Henry Stanley - Why/How did it happen? King Leopold of Belgium purchased the Congo with his own money. Learning of Stanley’s knowledge of the land, he hired him to complete tasks, such as building stations for Belgians to set up camp
Dr. David Livingstone- Who was involved/ What Happened? British man & “scientist”
Dr. David Livingstone - When/Where? His major goal was to find a navigable river that would open Central Africa to European commerce
Dr. David Livingstone- Why/How did it happen? After Livingstone died of disease, Stanley stayed because he saw Livingstone’s work relevant.
Life for Africans under European rule - Who was involved/ What Happened? Harsh & saw little benefit; had to pay taxes sometimes or receive harsh punishment
Life for Africans under European rule - When/Where? 95% of Africa with the exception of Liberia & Ethiopia
Life for Africans under European rule- Why/How did it happen? Africans saw little benefits and did not participate in the government because they weren’t considered citizens with a voice but instead a conquered people.
King Leopold II - Who was involved/ What Happened? King of Belgium who established a colony in Africa
King Leopold II - When/Where? The Congo, 1870s
King Leopold II - Why/How did it happen? He purchase the Congo and forced the villagers to work and pay taxes or risk being persecuted
Scramble for Africa - Who was involved/ What Happened? The land grab that occurred when Western European countries rushed to colonize Africa
Scramble for Africa - When/Where? Mid 19th century
Scramble for Africa - Why/How did it happen? A land grab that occurred when Western European countries rushed to colonize Africa
“White Man’s Burden” - Who was involved/ What Happened? Rudyard Kipling, author of the Jungle Book
“White Man’s Burden”- When/Where? Wrote about colonies in Africa
It’s the idea that white Europeans have a burden of responsibility to care for and “civilize” African tribes and other “primitive” countries
What is the difference between direct rule vs. indirect rule? Indirect rule is when a colonial government in which local rulers keep their positions of authority. Direct rule is when the system of government in which a province is controlled by a central government.
Why were Europeans interested in West Africa and North Africa? The raw materials were very valuable and Africa provided new markets for Europeans to sell their goods.
What are the causes and effects of imperialism? How do some groups resist control by others? Causes-Europeans wanted to expand land into Africa where they could gain profit with raw materials and forced labor. Effect-In return, Europeans would modernize Africa and send missionaries to educate and Christianize indigenous populations.
What motivated African independence movements after World War I? Black Africans fought in World War I in British and French armies. Many Africans hoped that independence after the war would be their reward…but it was not.
indigenous - those native to a region.
imperialism - a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
protectorate - A political unit that depends on another government for its protection.
Pan-Africanism- a movement that encourages African Americans.
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