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Civil War Notes
Georgia Studies Notes on the Civil War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the beginning date of the Civil War? | April 12th, 1861 |
| What is the ending date of the civil war? | April 9th, 1865 |
| How many soldiers died as a result of the Civil War? | 618,000 - 620,000 |
| How many Confederate States were there during the Civil War? How many Union states were there? | Confederate States- 11 Union States- 23 |
| What was the capital of the Union? Of the Confederacy? | Union- Washington, D.C. Confederate- Richmond, V.A. |
| What was the 1st state to secede from the Union? | South Carolina |
| Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired? | Fort Sumpter |
| List the four Border States: | Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri |
| What were the names of the Union and Confederate ironclads? | Confederate- Marimack Union- Monitor |
| What important fort, located outside of Savannah, did the Union army capture in 1862? | Fort Pulaski |
| The worst Civil War 'Prisoner of War' camp was located in Georgia. What is its name? | Andersonville |
| Why did the Union target Atlanta for destruction? | Communication Center, Arsenals, Railroads |
| What is 'Sherman's March to the Sea'? | A 60 mile wide path of destruction across Georgia |
| What are Sherman's 'bowties'? | Railroad tracks that were heated, then wrapped around trees |
| Over ______________ dollars worth of damage was done to the state of Georgia by Sherman and his army. | $100,000,000 (one-hundred million) |
| What battle split the Confederacy in two and gained control of the Mississippi river? | Battle at Vicksburg |
| What was the first battle of the Civil War? | Battle at Bull Run |
| What was the bloodiest one-day battle in U.S. history? | Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg |
| What was a three-day battle that ended the Confederate invasion of the North? | Battle at Gettysburg |
| What battle's name means, "Place of Peace"? | Battle of Shiloh |
| In what battle was Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot by his own men? | Battle at Chancellorsville |
| What battle resulted in the Confederate States of America losing their last large railroad and communication center? | Battle of Atlanta |
| What was the name of the Union general sent to destroy the city of Atlanta? | William T. Sherman |
| What was the name of the Confederate General who abandoned Atlanta? What happened when he abandoned the city? | John B. Gordon. Taken over and everyone evacuated. |
| What Georgia cities contained Confederate arsenals? | Macon, Atlanta, Columbus and Augusta |
| Why did Sherman order his men to 'live off the land'? | They needed all the supplies possible, keep supplies from the Confederates, and hurt home war effort |
| What did Sherman give to Lincoln as his birthday present in 1864? | The city of Savannah. |
| Why did Charleston receive such cruel treatment? | Charleston is in South Carolina, which was the first state to secede and Fort Sumpter was also located there. (First shots of the Civil War) |
| When was the election of Abraham Lincoln? | November 1860 |
| What was the misunderstanding with the southern states during Abraham Lincoln's election? (Why they wanted to secede) | They (Southern States) thought that Lincoln wanted to abolish slavery, but he really just wanted to contain it |
| When was the Confederate States of America formed? | February 1861 |
| Who were the leaders of the Confederate States of America (CSA)? | Jefferson Davis - President Alexander Stephens - Vice President Robert Toombs - Secretary of State |
| What was the name of the Union Army? Confederate? | Union- Army of the Potomac Confederate- Army of Northern Virginia |
| Who were the generals of the Union Army? Confederate? | Union- McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and ULYSSES S. GRANT Confederate- Stonewall Jackson, James Longstreet, JEB Stewart and ROBERT E. LEE |
| What was the North's reason for fighting? | To restore the Union |
| What was the South's reason for fighting? | For independence and state's rights (Ending slavery doesn't become a focused reason until late 1862) |
| What were the results of the battle at Bull Run? | Confederate Victory } The south could have ended the war |
| What is the Battle of Shiloh known for? | There were more casualties in this battle than the American Revolution, The War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War combined |
| What is the other name for the Battle of Antietam? | Sharpsburg |
| What does General Lee need at the Battle of Antietam? | A victory on Union soil |
| What was General Lee's BIG mistake? | He made battle plans for one of his men to deliver to another Confederate general, but the man lost it in the woods and never told anyone. Soon, a Union soldier found it. |
| What was General McClellan's BIG mistake? | When General McClellan was given General Lee's lost battle plans, he didn't do anything with them for 18 hours. When he did finally fight, he did horrible and Lee escaped |
| What was the result of the Battle of Antietam? | The Union claims victory, but Lee escapes and Richmond, VA wasn't captured. General McClellan was soon replaced. |
| What is the Emancipation Proclamation? | Frees all slaves in the 'rebelling' states, but not the border states |
| When was the Emancipation Proclamation released? | September 22, 1862 |
| Why did Abraham Lincoln not free the slaves in the border states? | He didn't want them to rebel too |
| What were the results of the Emancipation Proclamation? | Strong African American support of the Union, Europe won't help the South and the South refuses to free their slaves |
| Where was the Battle of Chancellorsville? | Virginia |
| Who won the Battle of Chancellorsville? | Confederates |
| How long was the Battle of Gettysburg? | Three Days |
| Who won the Battle of Gettysburg? | The Confederates started winning, but the Union won in the end |
| What was "Pickett's Charge"? | A mass slaughter of the Confederates |
| What happened during the Battle of Vicksburg? | U.S. Grant was attempting to invade the city and gain control of the Mississippi River |
| What were the results of the Battle of Vicksburg? | Union victory, South was cut in half, and Confederacy loses major supply and travel route. |
| Why did Lee take the Army of Northern Virginia to Pennsylvania? | To draw Grant out of Vicksburg |
| Why did the Battle occur at Gettysburg and not Harrisburg? | The Union and Confederate armies met up in Gettysburg unintentionally |
| Who was the only woman to be killed in 'battle' at Gettysburg? How did she die? | Jenni Wade ~ She was shot in the heart by a stray bullet that came through a window in her kitchen |
| Why was it important for the Union army to capture Vicksburg? | Gain control of the Mississippi River. (Anaconda Plan) |
| What methods did Grant use to try and capture Vicksburg? | Burn the city, tunnel through, sail ironclad into, shoot people by cannons over into the city |
| Why did Northerners call July 4th, 1863 the best battle since 1776? | They captured the South and got two wins back-to-back |
| What battleship began the modern Navy? | The Ironclads |
| What was the Hunley? | The first successful submarine made by the South to end the Union blockade at the Charleston Harbor. |
| What happened to the Hunley? | It was used only one time, and everyone on board died. The submarine was lost for 136 years |
| What was Abraham Lincoln's promise when he was re-elected in 1864? | He was going to end the war soon |
| When/Where did the Civil War end? | April 9th, 1865 in Appomattox, Virginia |
| Who won the Civil War? | The Union won and the United States of America was reunited ~ Lee surrendered because he knew he wasn't going to win |
| Who was Mary Chesnut? | A woman who wrote a diary of first hand accounts of what life was like before, during and after the Civil War |
| Who was William Carney? | The flag bearer for the 54th Massachusetts regiment and the first African American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor. |
| Who was Clara Barton? | Often referred to as the "Angel of the Battlefield", she was a Civil War nurse who established the American Red Cross |
| Who was Matthew Brady? | Famous Civil War photographer who eventually went blind |
| Who was Ely Parker? | He served as Ulysses S. Grant's personal secretary during the war and prepared the surrender documents for Grant and Lee at Appomattox |
| Who was Stand Waite? | A Georgian who was the last Confederate General to surrender |
| Who was Major Robert Anderson? | The man who stood inside Fort Sumpter and refused to surrender his position |
| Who was General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard? | The man who was outside Fort Sumpter attempting to overtake Robert Anderson's position |
| Who was Ulysses S. Grant? | The Union General of the Army of the Potomac |
| Who was Robert E. Lee? | The Confederate General of the Army of Northern Virginia |
| Who was Abraham Lincoln? | The president of the Union and the man who established the Emancipation Proclamation |
| Who was Jefferson Davis? | The president of the Confederate States of America |
| Who was Alexander Stephens? | The Vice-President of the CSA |
| Who was Robert Toombs? | The Secretary of State for the CSA |
| Who was John B. Gordon? | The man who was wounded at the Battle of Antietam and who was later the Governor of Georgia |
| Who was George McClellan? | A general during the Civil War |
| Who was Rose Greenhow? | A woman who was shipwrecked and the weight of the 2,000 dollars worth of gold in her dress pulled her under |
| Who was Stonewall Jackson? | Confederate commander who was accidentally shot by one of his men at the Battle of Chancellorsville |
| Who was General James Longstreet? | One of the Generals for the Army of Northern Virginia, under Robert E. Lee |
| Who was William T. Sherman? | The Union general sent to destroy the city of Atlanta |
| Who was Wilmer McLean? | The Civil War started in his front parlor, and ended in his new house in Appomattox |
| Battle | Large scale combat between two armed forces |
| Blockade | The closing off of a city to traffic and communication |
| Border State | A slave state that does not secede but instead remains loyal to the Union |
| Cartridge Box | Leather box in which a soldier carried his bullets |
| Casualty | A person killed, wounded, or captured during a war |
| Chloroform | Liquid used to dull the pain of wounds |
| Civil War | A war between two sections or groups within a country |
| Confederacy | Collection of 11 southern states who had broken away from the American Government, often called the CSA |
| Conscription (Draft) | The selection of citizens for mandatory military service |
| Dixie | Slang term for Confederacy |
| Dysentary | Diarrhea, often a fatal disease of the intestines |
| Emancipation | The formal release of slaves from bondage |
| Hardtack | Thick, hard cracker eaten by Civil War soldiers |
| Haversack | Cloth bag used by soldiers for rations |
| Ironclas | A ship covered with iron plates |
| Mini Ball | The standard rifle bullet used in the Civil War |
| Rations | Military term for food |
| Salt Pork | Much like beef jerky, dried and salted pork |
| Sutler | Dry goods salesman, often did business from a wagon, often cheated soldiers, like a traveling convenience store |
| Union | Collection of 23 northern states, also called the U.S.A. |
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paige123
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